Bahasa Proto-Helenik

Proto-Helenik
Proto-Helenik
Proto-Yunani (walaupun kurang tepat)
Reka ulang dari	Rumpun bahasa Helenik (ragam bahasa Yunani dan Makedonia Kuno)
Wilayah	Balkan selatan
Zaman	2200-1900 SM (muncul di Semenanjung Yunani):131; 1700 SM (munculnya ragam utara dan selatan);
Leluhur; reka ulang	Proto-Indo-Eropa
	Portal Bahasa L • B • PWBantuan penggunaan templat ini

Bahasa Proto-Helenik (secara kurang tepat disebut sebagai Bahasa Proto-Yunani) adalah bahasa Indo-Eropa yang merupakan leluhur dari semua ragam bentuk bahasa Yunani dan Makedonia Kuno. Penutur bahasa Proto-Helenik diperkirakan bermigrasi ke Balkan Selatan (sekarang Yunani) pada tahun 2200 hingga 1900 SM,^[1]^[2]^[4] dan terjadinya ragam utara dan selatan diperkirakan pada tahun 1700 SM.^[5]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

^ ^a ^b Drews, Robert (1994). The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton University Press. hlm. 14. ISBN 0691029512.
^ ^a ^b West, M. L. (23 October 1997). The East Face of Helicon : West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth (dalam bahasa Inggris). Clarendon Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-159104-4. "the arrival of the Proto-Greek -speakers took place at various sites in central and southern Greece at the beginning and end of the Early Helladic III period.
^ Filos, Panagiotis (2014). "Proto-Greek and Common Greek". Dalam Giannakis, G. K. Brill Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics III. Leiden-Boston: Brill. hlm. 175.
^ ^a ^b Asko Parpola; Christian Carpelan (2005). "The cultural counterparts to Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Proto-Aryan : matching the dispersal and contact patterns in the linguistic and archaeological record". Dalam Edwin Bryant; Laurie L. Patton. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. Psychology Press. hlm. 107–141. ISBN 978-0-7007-1463-6.
^ ^a ^b Hajnal, Ivo (2007). "Die Vorgeschichte der griechischen Dialekte: ein methodischer Rück- und Ausblick". Dalam Hajnal, Ivo; Stefan, Barbara. Die altgriechischen Dialekte. Wesen und Werden. Akten des Kolloquiums, Freie Universität Berlin, 19.–22. September 2001 (dalam bahasa Jerman). Innsbruck, Austria: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck. hlm. 136.
^ ^a ^b Anthony 2010, hlm. 82
^ Georgiev 1981, p. 156: "Wilayah Proto-Helenik termasuk Epirus, kira-kira sampai di utara termasuk Paravaia, Tymphaia, Athamania, Dolopia, Amphilochia, dan Acarnania), barat dan utara Thessaly (Hestiaiotis, Perrhaibia, Tripolis, dan Pieria), yaitu kurang lebih wilayah barat laut Yunani Modern)."
^ Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (1973). Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield (dalam bahasa Inggris). Duckworth. hlm. 248. ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6. Jadi di wilayah yang didefinisikan tepat di atas, kira-kira utara dan barat laut Yunani, orang hanya menemukan nama tempat Yunani kuno. Jadi, tempat ini adalah daerah dengan nama Proto-Helenik, Urheimat bangsa Yunani dan Makedonia Kuno di mana mereka tinggal sebelum mereka menyerang Yunani tengah dan selatan.
^ Hall, Jonathan M. (1997). Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 160. ISBN 978-0-521-78999-8.
^ Woodard, Roger D. (2008). The Ancient Languages of Europe (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 52. ISBN 978-1-139-46932-6.
^ Horrocks, Geoffrey (2010). Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers (dalam bahasa Inggris). John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-4443-1892-0.
^ Parker, Holt N. (2008). "The Linguistic Case for the Aiolian Migration Reconsidered". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 77 (3): 443–444. doi:10.2972/hesp.77.3.431. ISSN 0018-098X. JSTOR 40205757.
^ A comprehensive overview is in J. T. Hooker's Mycenaean Greece (Hooker 1976, Chapter 2: "Before the Mycenaean Age", pp. 11–33 and passim); for a different hypothesis excluding massive migrations and favoring an autochthonous scenario, see Colin Renfrew's "Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" (Renfrew 1973, hlm. 263–276, especially p. 267) in Bronze Age Migrations by R. A. Crossland and A. Birchall, eds. (1973).

[Drews-1] Drews, Robert (1994). The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton University Press. hlm. 14. ISBN 0691029512.

[West-2] West, M. L. (23 October 1997). The East Face of Helicon : West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth (dalam bahasa Inggris). Clarendon Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-159104-4. "the arrival of the Proto-Greek -speakers took place at various sites in central and southern Greece at the beginning and end of the Early Helladic III period.

[3] Filos, Panagiotis (2014). "Proto-Greek and Common Greek". Dalam Giannakis, G. K. Brill Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics III. Leiden-Boston: Brill. hlm. 175.

[BryantPatton2005-4] Asko Parpola; Christian Carpelan (2005). "The cultural counterparts to Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Proto-Aryan : matching the dispersal and contact patterns in the linguistic and archaeological record". Dalam Edwin Bryant; Laurie L. Patton. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. Psychology Press. hlm. 107–141. ISBN 978-0-7007-1463-6.

[Hajnal-5] Hajnal, Ivo (2007). "Die Vorgeschichte der griechischen Dialekte: ein methodischer Rück- und Ausblick". Dalam Hajnal, Ivo; Stefan, Barbara. Die altgriechischen Dialekte. Wesen und Werden. Akten des Kolloquiums, Freie Universität Berlin, 19.–22. September 2001 (dalam bahasa Jerman). Innsbruck, Austria: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck. hlm. 136.

[Anthony82-6] Anthony 2010, hlm. 82

[Georgiev156-7] Georgiev 1981, p. 156: "Wilayah Proto-Helenik termasuk Epirus, kira-kira sampai di utara termasuk Paravaia, Tymphaia, Athamania, Dolopia, Amphilochia, dan Acarnania), barat dan utara Thessaly (Hestiaiotis, Perrhaibia, Tripolis, dan Pieria), yaitu kurang lebih wilayah barat laut Yunani Modern)."

[8] Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (1973). Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield (dalam bahasa Inggris). Duckworth. hlm. 248. ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6. Jadi di wilayah yang didefinisikan tepat di atas, kira-kira utara dan barat laut Yunani, orang hanya menemukan nama tempat Yunani kuno. Jadi, tempat ini adalah daerah dengan nama Proto-Helenik, Urheimat bangsa Yunani dan Makedonia Kuno di mana mereka tinggal sebelum mereka menyerang Yunani tengah dan selatan.

[:1-9] Hall, Jonathan M. (1997). Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 160. ISBN 978-0-521-78999-8.

[:2-10] Woodard, Roger D. (2008). The Ancient Languages of Europe (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 52. ISBN 978-1-139-46932-6.

[:3-11] Horrocks, Geoffrey (2010). Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers (dalam bahasa Inggris). John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-4443-1892-0.

[:4-12] Parker, Holt N. (2008). "The Linguistic Case for the Aiolian Migration Reconsidered". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 77 (3): 443–444. doi:10.2972/hesp.77.3.431. ISSN 0018-098X. JSTOR 40205757.

[13] A comprehensive overview is in J. T. Hooker's Mycenaean Greece (Hooker 1976, Chapter 2: "Before the Mycenaean Age", pp. 11–33 and passim); for a different hypothesis excluding massive migrations and favoring an autochthonous scenario, see Colin Renfrew's "Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" (Renfrew 1973, hlm. 263–276, especially p. 267) in Bronze Age Migrations by R. A. Crossland and A. Birchall, eds. (1973).

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