Maturidiyah

Maturidiyah^[1] (bahasa Arab: الماتريدية, translit. al-Māturīdiyyah) ^[1] adalah salah satu mazhab akidah dalam Islam Sunni,^[1] yang didirikan oleh ulama Persia, fakih Hanafi, pembaharu (mujaddid), dan teolog skolastik, Abu Mansur al-Maturidi pada abad ke-9 hingga ke-10.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Al-Maturidi mengkodifikasi akidah Islam di antara kelompok mazhab Hanafi di Balkh dan Transoksiana^[5] dalam satu mazhab akidah berlandaskan ilmu kalam;^[6]^[7] ia menekankan penggunaan akal pikiran dan rasionalisme teologis terkait penafsiran kitab suci Islam.^[2]^[5]^[6]^[8]^[9]^[10] Mazhab akidah Maturidiyah dianggap sebagai salah satu mazhab akidah ortodoks Sunni, bersama Atsariyah dan Asy'ariyah,^[1]^[4]^[11] dan diterapkan di mazhab Hanafi.^[1] ^[4]^[5]^[12]

Awalnya Maturidiyah berkembang di Transoksiana di Asia Tengah^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7]^[11] serta menjadi mazhab akidah yang dominan di kalangan Muslim Sunni Persia sebelum Dinasti Safawiyah memaksa warga Persia masuk Syiah pada abad ke-16, serta Ahlur-Ra'y. Mazhab akidah ini berkembang diKesultanan Utsmaniyah dan Mughal India.^[1]^[4]^[7]^[11] Di luar kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dan Mughal, masyarakat MuslimTurkik, Hui, Asia Tengah, dan Asia Selatan juga mengikuti mazhab akidah Maturidiyah.^[7] Ada juga ulama Arab yang Maturidiyah.^[13]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". Dalam Schmidtke, Sabine. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 280–296. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.
^ ^a ^b Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0232.
^ ^a ^b Rudolph, Ulrich (2015). "An Outline of al-Māturīdī's Teachings". Al-Māturīdī and the Development of Sunnī Theology in Samarqand. Islamic History and Civilization. 100. Diterjemahkan oleh Adem, Rodrigo. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. hlm. 231–312. doi:10.1163/9789004261846_010. ISBN 978-90-04-26184-6. ISSN 0929-2403. LCCN 2014034960.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Henderson, John B. (1998). "The Making of Orthodoxies". The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. hlm. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-7914-3760-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hartmann, R.; Arnold, T. W.; Basset; Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor Houtsma, ed. (2012) [1936]. Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition. 3. Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4608. ISBN 9789004082656.
^ ^a ^b Harvey, Ramon (2021). "Chapter 1: Tradition and Reason". Transcendent God, Rational World: A Māturīdī Theology. Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Scripture and Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474451673.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bruckmayr, Philipp (January 2009). "The Spread and Persistence of Māturīdi Kalām and Underlying Dynamics". Iran and the Caucasus. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. 13 (1): 59–92. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007882. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597393.
^ Zhussipbek, Galym; Nagayeva, Zhanar (September 2019). Taliaferro, Charles, ed. "Epistemological Reform and Embracement of Human Rights. What Can be Inferred from Islamic Rationalistic Maturidite Theology?". Open Theology. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. 5 (1): 347–365. doi:10.1515/opth-2019-0030. ISSN 2300-6579.
^ Жусипбек, Галым, Жанар Нагаева, and Альберт Фролов. "Ислам и плюрализм: Что могут предложить идеи школы аль-Матуриди? Журнал Аль-Фараби, Алматы, No 4 (56), 2016 (p. 117-134)." "On the whole, the authors argue that the Maturidi school which is based on 'balanced theological rationalism', 'metaphysics of diversity', 'subjectivity of faith' and 'to be focused on justice and society-centeredness'"
^ Schlesinger, Sarah J. "The Internal Pluralization of the Muslim Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina: From Religious Activation to Radicalization." Master’s Research Paper. Boston University (2011).
^ ^a ^b ^c Gilliot, C.; Paket-Chy, A. (2000). "Maturidite theology". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. IV. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. hlm. 124–129. ISBN 92-3-103654-8.
^ Cook, Michael (2012) [2003]. "Chapter 1: Introduction". Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. Themes in Islamic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 6. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511806766.003. ISBN 9780511806766.
^ Pierret, Thomas (25 March 2013), Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 102, ISBN 9781139620062

[Rudolph_2016-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". Dalam Schmidtke, Sabine. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 280–296. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.

[Alpyagil_2016-2] Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0232.

[Rudolph_2015-3] Rudolph, Ulrich (2015). "An Outline of al-Māturīdī's Teachings". Al-Māturīdī and the Development of Sunnī Theology in Samarqand. Islamic History and Civilization. 100. Diterjemahkan oleh Adem, Rodrigo. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. hlm. 231–312. doi:10.1163/9789004261846_010. ISBN 978-90-04-26184-6. ISSN 0929-2403. LCCN 2014034960.

[Henderson_1998-4] Henderson, John B. (1998). "The Making of Orthodoxies". The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. hlm. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-7914-3760-5.

[EI1-5] Hartmann, R.; Arnold, T. W.; Basset; Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor Houtsma, ed. (2012) [1936]. Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition. 3. Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4608. ISBN 9789004082656.

[Harvey_2021-6] Harvey, Ramon (2021). "Chapter 1: Tradition and Reason". Transcendent God, Rational World: A Māturīdī Theology. Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Scripture and Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474451673.

[Bruckmayr_2009-7] Bruckmayr, Philipp (January 2009). "The Spread and Persistence of Māturīdi Kalām and Underlying Dynamics". Iran and the Caucasus. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. 13 (1): 59–92. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007882. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597393.

[Open_Theol.-8] Zhussipbek, Galym; Nagayeva, Zhanar (September 2019). Taliaferro, Charles, ed. "Epistemological Reform and Embracement of Human Rights. What Can be Inferred from Islamic Rationalistic Maturidite Theology?". Open Theology. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. 5 (1): 347–365. doi:10.1515/opth-2019-0030. ISSN 2300-6579.

[9] Жусипбек, Галым, Жанар Нагаева, and Альберт Фролов. "Ислам и плюрализм: Что могут предложить идеи школы аль-Матуриди? Журнал Аль-Фараби, Алматы, No 4 (56), 2016 (p. 117-134)." "On the whole, the authors argue that the Maturidi school which is based on 'balanced theological rationalism', 'metaphysics of diversity', 'subjectivity of faith' and 'to be focused on justice and society-centeredness'"

[10] Schlesinger, Sarah J. "The Internal Pluralization of the Muslim Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina: From Religious Activation to Radicalization." Master’s Research Paper. Boston University (2011).

[Gilliot_2000-11] Gilliot, C.; Paket-Chy, A. (2000). "Maturidite theology". Dalam Bosworth, C. E.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. IV. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. hlm. 124–129. ISBN 92-3-103654-8.

[12] Cook, Michael (2012) [2003]. "Chapter 1: Introduction". Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. Themes in Islamic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 6. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511806766.003. ISBN 9780511806766.

[13] Pierret, Thomas (25 March 2013), Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 102, ISBN 9781139620062

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