Synapsida

Synapsida Rentang waktu: 320-100Ma. Takson keturunan Mammalia masih hidup sampai sekarang. PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dimetrodon grandis skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History of U.S.A.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Superkelas:	Tetrapoda
Klad:	Reptiliomorpha
Klad:	Amniota
Klad:	Synapsida Osborn, 1903
Subkelompok
†Diadectomorpha?[1][2] †Echinerpeton †Protoclepsydrops? †Caseasauria †Caseidae †Eothyrididae †Phreatophasma? Eupelycosauria †Ophiacodontidae †Varanopidae? Haptodontiformes †Edaphosauridae Sphenacodontia
Sinonim
Theropsida Seeley, 1895[3]

Synapsida ('fused arch'), atau theropsida ('wajah hewan'), adalah kelompok hewan yang termasuk mamalia dan segala kerabat dekatnya selain amniota hidup lainnya.^[4] Anggota non-mamalia disebut sebagai reptil mirip mammalia dalam sistematika klasik,^[5][6] tetapi disebut "mamalia batang" atau "proto-mammalia" dalam terminologi kladistika.

1. ^ David S. Berman (2013). "Diadectomorphs, amniotes or not?". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 60: 22–35. 
2. ^ Jozef Klembara; Miroslav Hain; Marcello Ruta; David S. Berman; Stephanie E. Pierce; Amy C. Henrici (2019). "Inner ear morphology of diadectomorphs and seymouriamorphs (Tetrapoda) uncovered by high‐resolution x‐ray microcomputed tomography, and the origin of the amniote crown group". Palaeontology. 63: 131–154. doi:10.1111/pala.12448 . 
3. ^ Seeley, Harry Govier (1895). "Researches on the Structure, Organisation, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part X. On the Complete Skeleton of an Anomodont Reptile (Aristodesmus rutimeyeri, Wiedersheim), from the Bunter Sandstone of Reihen, near Basel, Giving New Evidence of the Relation of the Anomodontia to the Monotremata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59: 167–169. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0070 . 
4. ^ Laurin and Reisz 2007.
5. ^ Carroll 1988: 397.
6. ^ Benton 2005: 122.