Perang Kemerdekaan Eritrea

Perang Kemerdekaan Eritrea
	Sebahagian daripada Perang Saudara Habsyah, Perang Dingin
	; Situasi sewaktu perang berlangsung
Tarikh	1 September 1961 – 24 Mei 1991; (29 tahun, 8 bulan dan 4 minggu)
Lokasi	Eritrea
Keputusan	Kemenangan berpihak kepada Eritrea Penggulingan Republik Demokratik Rakyat Habsyah di Eritrea oleh EPLF; penarikan bantuan ketenteraan Cuba; Eritrea merdeka dari Habsyah melalui suatu referendum pada 1993; 10% populasi Eritrea terkorban;
Perubahan; wilayah	Eritrea merdeka; Habsyah terputus daripada laluan lautan.
Pihak yang terlibat
ELF ; Disokong: Libya (until 1977); Cuba (until 1974); Syria; Amerika Syarikat (1974-1981); Iraq; Tunisia; Arab Saudi; Somalia; Sudan; EPLF; Disokong: Republik Rakyat China; Amerika Syarikat (1977-1991) Sudan; Libya (1977–1991); Somalia ; Syria;	1961–1974 Empayar Habsyah; Disokong: Amerika Syarikat ; Israel; 1974–1991 Derg (1974–1987); PDRE (1987–1991); Cuba (from 1977); Disokong: Kesatuan Soviet (1974–1990); Republik Demokratik Rakyat Yaman; Israel (1990–1991); Korea Utara;
Komandan dan pemimpin
Hamid Idris Awate †; Abdella Idris; Isaias Afewerki; Mohammed Said Bareh; Sebhat Ephrem; Petros Solomon; Gerezgher Andemariam; Woldeab Woldemariam; Ibrahim Sultan Ali;	Haile Selassie (1961–1974); Aklilu Habte-Wold (1961–1974); Tafari Benti (1974–1977); Mengistu Haile Mariam (1977–1991); Tariku Ayne; Addis Tedla; Fidel Castro;
Kekuatan
20,000 askar (1975) ; 230 askar (1963)	41,000 askar (1975) ; 3,000 askar (1984)
Kerugian dan korban
~15,000 askar; ~110,000 orang awam;	~15,000 askar

Perang Kemerdekaan Eritrea ialah suatu konflik bersenjata antara pemerintah Habsyah dan puak pemisah Eritrea yang berlangsung sebelum dan sepanjang Perang Saudara Habsyah. Pertembungan ini tercetus dengan penarikan hak autonomi Eritrea dalam Habsyah.

^ ^a ^b ^c Fauriol, Georges A; Loser, Eva (1990). Cuba: the international dimension. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-324-6.
^ ^a ^b The maverick state: Gaddafi and the New World Order, 1996. m/s 71.
^ ^a ^b Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-5952-4.
^ Schoultz, Lars (2009). That infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban Revolution. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3260-8.
^ ^a ^b Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. Page 492
^ ^a ^b Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict of Asian and African Studies, 1975. Page 97.
^ Fontrier, Marc. La chute de la junte militaire ethiopienne: (1987–1991) : chroniques de la Republique Populaire et Democratique d'Ethiopie. Paris [u.a.]: L' Harmattan, 1999. pp. 453–454
^ Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning, 1998. Page 110
^ Eritrea – liberation or capitulation, 1978. Page 103
^ Politics and liberation: the Eritrean struggle, 1961–86: an analysis of the political development of the Eritrean liberation struggle 1961–86 by help of a theoretical framework developed for analysing armed national liberation movements, 1987. Page 170
^ Tunisia, a Country Study, 1979. Page 220.
^ African Freedom Annual, 1978. Page 109
^ Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years, 2006. m/s. 318.
^ Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. m/s. 460
^ ^a ^b Spencer C. Tucker, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, 2009. m/s. 2402
^ ^a ^b The Pillage of Sustainablility in Eritrea, 1600s–1990s: Rural Communities and the Creeping Shadows of Hegemony, 1998. m/s. 82.
^ Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror, 2013. Page 158.
^ Chinese and African Perspectives on China in Africa 2009, m/s. 93
^ Fontrier, Marc. La chute de la junte militaire ethiopienne: (1987–1991) : chroniques de la Republique Populaire et Democratique d'Ethiopie. Paris [u.a.]: L' Harmattan, 1999. pp. 453–454
^ Ethiopia and the United States: History, Diplomacy, and Analysis, 2009. page 84.
^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=03dRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vwAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6537,4720048&dq=united+states+egypt+vice+president&hl=en
^ Ethiopia Diarkibkan 10 Julai 2010 di Wayback Machine, Peace Corps website (accessed 6 July 2010)
^ File:Haille Sellasse and Richard Nixon 1969.png
^ ^a ^b ^c "Ethiopia-Israel". country-data.com. Dicapai pada 2014-10-26.
^ U.S. Requests for Ethiopian Bases Pushed Toledo Blade, March 13, 1957
^ ^a ^b Connell, Dan (March 2005). Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002). Red Sea Press. ISBN 1-56902-199-6.
^ "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-30. Dicapai pada 6 Jun 2007.
^ "A Little Help from Some Friends". Time. 16 Oktober 1978. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 Jun 2007.
^ "F-15 Fight: Who Won What". Time. 29 Mei 1978. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.
^ "Communism, African-Style". Time. 4 Julai 1983. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-28. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.
^ "Ethiopia Red Star Over the Horn of Africa". Time. 4 Ogos 1986. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-24. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.
^ "Ethiopia a Forgotten War Rages On". Time. 23 Disember 1985. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.
^ ^a ^b Cousin, Tracey L. "Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War". ICE Case Studies. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 September 2007. Dicapai pada 3 September 2007. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
^ "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-30. Dicapai pada 3 September 2007.

[fauriol-1] Fauriol, Georges A; Loser, Eva (1990). Cuba: the international dimension. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-324-6.

[New_World_Order_1996._Page_71-2] The maverick state: Gaddafi and the New World Order, 1996. m/s 71.

[Connell_2011-3] Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-5952-4.

[4] Schoultz, Lars (2009). That infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban Revolution. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3260-8.

[Eritrea_2010._Page_492-5] Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. Page 492

[Oil_1975._Page_97-6] Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict of Asian and African Studies, 1975. Page 97.

[7] Fontrier, Marc. La chute de la junte militaire ethiopienne: (1987–1991) : chroniques de la Republique Populaire et Democratique d'Ethiopie. Paris [u.a.]: L' Harmattan, 1999. pp. 453–454

[8] Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning, 1998. Page 110

[9] Eritrea – liberation or capitulation, 1978. Page 103

[10] Politics and liberation: the Eritrean struggle, 1961–86: an analysis of the political development of the Eritrean liberation struggle 1961–86 by help of a theoretical framework developed for analysing armed national liberation movements, 1987. Page 170

[11] Tunisia, a Country Study, 1979. Page 220.

[12] African Freedom Annual, 1978. Page 109

[13] Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years, 2006. m/s. 318.

[14] Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. m/s. 460

[Spencer_C._Tucker_2009-15] Spencer C. Tucker, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, 2009. m/s. 2402

[Eritrea_1998._Page_82-16] The Pillage of Sustainablility in Eritrea, 1600s–1990s: Rural Communities and the Creeping Shadows of Hegemony, 1998. m/s. 82.

[17] Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror, 2013. Page 158.

[18] Chinese and African Perspectives on China in Africa 2009, m/s. 93

[19] Fontrier, Marc. La chute de la junte militaire ethiopienne: (1987–1991) : chroniques de la Republique Populaire et Democratique d'Ethiopie. Paris [u.a.]: L' Harmattan, 1999. pp. 453–454

[20] Ethiopia and the United States: History, Diplomacy, and Analysis, 2009. page 84.

[21] ttps://news.google.com/newspapers?id=03dRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vwAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6537,4720048&dq=united+states+egypt+vice+president&hl=en

[PeaceCorps-22] Ethiopia Diarkibkan 10 Julai 2010 di Wayback Machine, Peace Corps website (accessed 6 July 2010)

[23] File:Haille Sellasse and Richard Nixon 1969.png

[1987TimeOrotta-24] "Ethiopia-Israel". country-data.com. Dicapai pada 2014-10-26.

[25] U.S. Requests for Ethiopian Bases Pushed Toledo Blade, March 13, 1957

[connell-26] Connell, Dan (March 2005). Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002). Red Sea Press. ISBN 1-56902-199-6.

[27] "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-30. Dicapai pada 6 Jun 2007.

[28] "A Little Help from Some Friends". Time. 16 Oktober 1978. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 Jun 2007.

[29] "F-15 Fight: Who Won What". Time. 29 Mei 1978. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.

[30] "Communism, African-Style". Time. 4 Julai 1983. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-28. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.

[31] "Ethiopia Red Star Over the Horn of Africa". Time. 4 Ogos 1986. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-24. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.

[32] "Ethiopia a Forgotten War Rages On". Time. 23 Disember 1985. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-08-23. Dicapai pada 6 September 2007.

[ICE-33] Cousin, Tracey L. "Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War". ICE Case Studies. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 September 2007. Dicapai pada 3 September 2007. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)

[onwar.com-34] "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-30. Dicapai pada 3 September 2007.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]