Pertempuran Kosovo

Pertempuran Kosovo
	Sebahagian daripada Perang Uthmaniyyah di Eropah
	; Pertempuran Kosovo oleh Adam Stefanovic (1870).
Tarikh	15 Jun 1389
Lokasi	Medan Kosovo, Daerah Branković
Keputusan	Secara taktikalnya tidak dapat disimpulkan; Kemenangan strategi Uthmaniyyah; Kerugian yang besar ditanggung oleh kedua-dua belah pihak;
Pihak yang terlibat
Empayar Uthmaniyyah	Serbia Moravia; Daerah Branković; Kerajaan Bosnia; Kesateria Hospital
Komandan dan pemimpin
Sultan Murad I †; Bayezid I; Yakub Çelebi	Putera Lazar †; Vuk Branković; Vlatko Vuković; John dari Palisna
Kekuatan
~ 27,000–40,000	~ 12,000–30,000
Kerugian dan korban
Sultan Murad I dan kebanyakan tenteranya	Prince Lazar dan kebanyakan tenteranya

Pertempuran Kosovo berlaku pada 15 Jun 1389 antara tentera Serbia yang dipimpin oleh Putera Lazar Hrebeljanović dan tentera Uthmaniyyah di bawah pimpinan Sultan Murad I. Tentera Serbia terdiri daripada tentera Putera Lazar, satu kontinjen yang diketuai oleh bangsawan Serbia iaitu Vuk Branković dan kontinjen yang dihantar oleh Raja Tvrtko I dari Bosnia yang mana panglimanya ialah Vlatko Vuković. Pertempuran ini tercetus di Medan Kosovo yang terletak di bawah wilayah kekuasaan Branković dan pada hari ini ia terletak di Kosovo.

^ (Fine 1994, p. 410)
Thus since the Turks also withdrew, one can conclude that the battle was a draw.
^ (Emmert 1990, p. ?)
Surprisingly enough, it is not even possible to know with certainty from the extant contemporary material whether one or the other side was victorious on the field. There is certainly little to indicate that it was a great Serbian defeat; and the earliest reports of the conflict suggest, on the contrary, that the Christian forces had won.
^ Daniel Waley; Peter Denley (2013). Later Medieval Europe: 1250-1520. Routledge. m/s. 255. ISBN 978-1-317-89018-8. The outcome of the battle itself was inconclusive.
^ Ian Oliver (2005). War and Peace in the Balkans: The Diplomacy of Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia. I.B.Tauris. m/s. vii. ISBN 978-1-85043-889-2. Losses on both sides were appalling and the outcome inconclusive although the Serbs never fully recovered.
^ John Binns (2002). An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 197. ISBN 978-0-521-66738-8. The battle is remembered as a heroic defeat, but historical evidence suggests an inconclusive draw.
^ John K. Cox (2002). The History of Serbia. Greenwood Publishing Group. m/s. 30. ISBN 978-0-313-31290-8. The Ottoman army probably numbered between 30,000 and 40,000. They faced something like 15,000 to 25,000 Eastern Orthodox soldiers. [...] Accounts from the period after the battle depict the engagement at Kosovo as anything from a draw to a Christian victory.

[fine410-1] (Fine 1994, p. 410)
Thus since the Turks also withdrew, one can conclude that the battle was a draw.

[emmert-2] (Emmert 1990, p. ?)
Surprisingly enough, it is not even possible to know with certainty from the extant contemporary material whether one or the other side was victorious on the field. There is certainly little to indicate that it was a great Serbian defeat; and the earliest reports of the conflict suggest, on the contrary, that the Christian forces had won.

[3] Daniel Waley; Peter Denley (2013). Later Medieval Europe: 1250-1520. Routledge. m/s. 255. ISBN 978-1-317-89018-8. The outcome of the battle itself was inconclusive.

[4] Ian Oliver (2005). War and Peace in the Balkans: The Diplomacy of Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia. I.B.Tauris. m/s. vii. ISBN 978-1-85043-889-2. Losses on both sides were appalling and the outcome inconclusive although the Serbs never fully recovered.

[5] John Binns (2002). An Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 197. ISBN 978-0-521-66738-8. The battle is remembered as a heroic defeat, but historical evidence suggests an inconclusive draw.

[Cox-30-6] John K. Cox (2002). The History of Serbia. Greenwood Publishing Group. m/s. 30. ISBN 978-0-313-31290-8. The Ottoman army probably numbered between 30,000 and 40,000. They faced something like 15,000 to 25,000 Eastern Orthodox soldiers. [...] Accounts from the period after the battle depict the engagement at Kosovo as anything from a draw to a Christian victory.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]