Socjaldemokracja

Socjaldemokracja – lewicowy ruch społeczny wywodzący się z ruchu robotniczego. Współczesne partie socjaldemokratyczne opowiadają się za równowagą między rynkiem a państwem, oraz między jednostką a społeczeństwem, czyli za kompromisem między uznaniem systemu kapitalistycznego jako najefektywniejszego mechanizmu bogacenia się w strefie prywatnej, a demokracją i dystrybucją tego bogactwa w sposób możliwie najbardziej sprawiedliwy, oraz troską o dobra i usługi publiczne. Jest to doktryna pokrewna socjalliberalizmowi oraz niemieckiemu ordoliberalizmowi, i charakterystyczna na przykład dla nordyckich państw opiekuńczych^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6].

↑ AndrewA. Heywood AndrewA., Political ideologies. An introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, s. 128, ISBN 978-0-230-36725-8, OCLC 779097284, Cytat: Social democracy is an ideological stance that supports a broad balance between market capitalism, on the one hand, and state intervention, on the other hand. Being based on a compromise between the market and the state, social democracy lacks a systematic underlying theory and is, arguably, inherently vague. It is nevertheless associated with the following views: (1) capitalism is the only reliable means of generating wealth, but it is a morally defective means of distributing wealth because of its tendency towards poverty and inequality; (2) the defects of the capitalist system can be rectified through economic and social intervention, the state being the custodian of the public interest […] .
↑ EdwardE. Craig EdwardE., Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy Vol. 8 Questions to Sociobiology, Routledge, 1998, s. 128, ISBN 978-0-415-18713-8, OCLC 245658010, Cytat: The idea of social democracy is now used to describe a society the economy of which is predominantly capitalist, but where the state acts to regulate the economy in the general interest, provides welfare services outside of it and attempts to alter the distribution of income and wealth in the name of social justice. .
↑ Badie i inni, International encyclopedia of political science. Vol. 3 : Dem-F, SAGE Publications, 2011, s. 2423, ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6, OCLC 928933719, Cytat: Social democracy refers to a political tendency resting on three fundamental features: (1) democracy (e.g., equal rights to vote and form parties), (2) an economy partly regulated by the state (e.g., through Keynesianism), and (3) a welfare state offering social support to those in need (e.g., equal rights to education, health service, employment and pensions). .
↑ T.E.T.E. Weisskopf T.E.T.E., Toward a Socialism for the Future, in the Wake of the Demise of the Socialism of the Past, „Review of Radical Political Economics”, 3–4, 2016, s. 1–28, DOI: 10.1177/048661349202400302 [dostęp 2017-01-07], Cytat: Thus social democrats do not try to do away with either the market or private property ownership; instead, they attempt to create conditions in which the operation of a capitalist market economy will lead to more egalitarian outcomes and encourage more democratic and more solidaristic practices than would a more conventional capitalist system. (ang.).
↑ Madeleine B.M.B. Adams Madeleine B.M.B., The age of social democracy: Norway and Sweden in the twentieth century, Princeton University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-691-14774-1, OCLC 656848151 .
↑ Gombert, Tobias., Akademie fur Soziale Demokratie (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung), Foundations of social democracy, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86872-215-4, OCLC 641342893 .

[1] AndrewA. Heywood AndrewA., Political ideologies. An introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, s. 128, ISBN 978-0-230-36725-8, OCLC 779097284, Cytat: Social democracy is an ideological stance that supports a broad balance between market capitalism, on the one hand, and state intervention, on the other hand. Being based on a compromise between the market and the state, social democracy lacks a systematic underlying theory and is, arguably, inherently vague. It is nevertheless associated with the following views: (1) capitalism is the only reliable means of generating wealth, but it is a morally defective means of distributing wealth because of its tendency towards poverty and inequality; (2) the defects of the capitalist system can be rectified through economic and social intervention, the state being the custodian of the public interest […] .

[2] EdwardE. Craig EdwardE., Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy Vol. 8 Questions to Sociobiology, Routledge, 1998, s. 128, ISBN 978-0-415-18713-8, OCLC 245658010, Cytat: The idea of social democracy is now used to describe a society the economy of which is predominantly capitalist, but where the state acts to regulate the economy in the general interest, provides welfare services outside of it and attempts to alter the distribution of income and wealth in the name of social justice. .

[3] Badie i inni, International encyclopedia of political science. Vol. 3 : Dem-F, SAGE Publications, 2011, s. 2423, ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6, OCLC 928933719, Cytat: Social democracy refers to a political tendency resting on three fundamental features: (1) democracy (e.g., equal rights to vote and form parties), (2) an economy partly regulated by the state (e.g., through Keynesianism), and (3) a welfare state offering social support to those in need (e.g., equal rights to education, health service, employment and pensions). .

[4] T.E.T.E. Weisskopf T.E.T.E., Toward a Socialism for the Future, in the Wake of the Demise of the Socialism of the Past, „Review of Radical Political Economics”, 3–4, 2016, s. 1–28, DOI: 10.1177/048661349202400302 [dostęp 2017-01-07], Cytat: Thus social democrats do not try to do away with either the market or private property ownership; instead, they attempt to create conditions in which the operation of a capitalist market economy will lead to more egalitarian outcomes and encourage more democratic and more solidaristic practices than would a more conventional capitalist system. (ang.).

[5] Madeleine B.M.B. Adams Madeleine B.M.B., The age of social democracy: Norway and Sweden in the twentieth century, Princeton University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-691-14774-1, OCLC 656848151 .

[6] Gombert, Tobias., Akademie fur Soziale Demokratie (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung), Foundations of social democracy, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86872-215-4, OCLC 641342893 .

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