Pax Americana

História dos Estados Unidos da América
Expansão e influência mundial

Pax Americana

Cartum ilustrativo da enorme área de influência dos Estados Unidos, representada pelas asas da águia-careca (animal símbolo norte-americano) cobrindo grande parte do globo, com a legenda "dez mil milhas de ponta a ponta".

A Pax Americana^[1]^[2]^[3] é uma locução latina análoga a Pax Romana e Pax Britannica, associada a um longo período de relativa paz mundial (também chamado Longa Paz), iniciado em meados do século XX, no segundo pós-guerra, quando se consolida a hegemonia dos Estados Unidos no mundo. O conceito de Pax Americana contém uma analogia entre o papel dos EUA e o do Império Romano, em sua época (Pax Romana), e o do Império Britânico, no século XIX (Pax Britannica), em termos de autoridade moral, como "polícia do mundo".^[4] Isso frequentemente se traduz em incursões militares dos EUA para combater ameaças à ordem mundial e, especialmente, aos interesses norte-americanos.

Pax Americana tem uso retórico, tanto entre os defensores quanto entre os críticos da política externa dos Estados Unidos, e parece ter efetivamente pouco a ver com a manutenção da paz, considerando os vários conflitos nacionais em que os Estados Unidos e seus aliados se envolveram diretamente, logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial - a partir da Guerra da Coreia (1950-1953), à qual se seguiu a Guerra do Vietnã (1964-1975) e, mais recentemente, a Guerra do Golfo (1990-1991), a Guerra do Afeganistão (2001) e a Guerra no Iraque (2003), entre outras.

↑ Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Changing Nature of World Power. Political Science Quarterly, The Academy of Political Science, Vol. 105, No. 2 (Summer, 1990), pp. 177-192
↑ Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia: Published by A.L. Hummel for the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1917. "Pax Americana", George W. Kihchwey. Page 40+.
↑ Abbott, Lyman, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Ernest Hamlin Abbott, and Francis Rufus Bellamy. The Outlook. New York: Outlook Co, 1898. Expansion not Imperialism" Page 465. (cf. [...] Felix Adler [states ...] "if, instead of establishing the Pax Americana so far as our influence avails throughout this continent, we should enter into' the field of Old World strife, and seek the sort of glory that is written in human blood." Here it is assumed that we have failed in establishing self-government, and propose to substitute, at least in other lands, an Old World form of government. This sort of argument has no effect on the expansionist, because he believes that we have magnificently succeeded in our problem, in spite of failures, neglects, and violations of our own principles, and because what he wishes to do is, not to abandon the experiment, but, inspired by the successes of the past, extend the Pax Americana over lands not included in this continent.")
↑ Harper's Magazine. 1885. "The Federal Union", Page 413.

[1] Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Changing Nature of World Power. Political Science Quarterly, The Academy of Political Science, Vol. 105, No. 2 (Summer, 1990), pp. 177-192

[HummelAnnal-2] Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia: Published by A.L. Hummel for the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1917. "Pax Americana", George W. Kihchwey. Page 40+.

[3] Abbott, Lyman, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Ernest Hamlin Abbott, and Francis Rufus Bellamy. The Outlook. New York: Outlook Co, 1898. Expansion not Imperialism" Page 465. (cf. [...] Felix Adler [states ...] "if, instead of establishing the Pax Americana so far as our influence avails throughout this continent, we should enter into' the field of Old World strife, and seek the sort of glory that is written in human blood." Here it is assumed that we have failed in establishing self-government, and propose to substitute, at least in other lands, an Old World form of government. This sort of argument has no effect on the expansionist, because he believes that we have magnificently succeeded in our problem, in spite of failures, neglects, and violations of our own principles, and because what he wishes to do is, not to abandon the experiment, but, inspired by the successes of the past, extend the Pax Americana over lands not included in this continent.")

[4] Harper's Magazine. 1885. "The Federal Union", Page 413.

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