Fraunce

French Republic République française  (French)
Banner Naitional emblem
Motto: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité"
Anthem: "La Marseillaise"
Territory o the French Republic (reid) Claimed territory (Adélie Laund; hatched)
Location o  metropolitan Fraunce  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Caipital and largest city	Paris 48°51.4′N 2°21.05′E / 48.8567°N 2.35083°E / 48.8567; 2.35083
Offeecial leid an naitional leid	French[upper-roman 1]
Ethnic groups	89.4% French 4.4% French (bi acquiseetion) 6.2% Foreigners 8.9% Immigrants[1]
Releegion	63-66% Christian 7-9% Muslim 0.5-0.75% Buddhist 0.5-0.75% Jewish 0.5-1.0% ither 23-28% none[2]
Demonym(s)	French
Govrenment	Unitary semi‑presidential republic
• Preses	Emmanuel Macron
• Prime Meenister	Gabriel Attal
• Preses o the Senate	Gérard Larcher
• Preses o the Naitional Assembly	Yaël Braun-Pivet
Legislatur	Pairlament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Naitional Assembly
Establishment
• Francia unified	486
• Treaty o Verdun[upper-roman 2]	August 843
• Republic established	22 September 1792
• Founded the EEC[upper-roman 3]	1 Januar 1958
• Current constitution[upper-roman 4]	4 October 1958
Aurie
• Total	643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi)[upper-roman 5][3] (41st)
• Metropolitan Fraunce (IGN)	551,695 km2[upper-roman 6] (50t) 213,010 sq mi
• Metropolitan Fraunce (Cadastre)	543,940.9 km2[upper-roman 7][4] (50t) 210,026 sq mi
Population
• Tot 2017​ estimate	66,991,000[5] (20t)
• Metropolitan Fraunce Januar 2017 estimate	64,859,000[5] (22nt)
• Density	116/km2 (300.4/sq mi)[upper-roman 8] (89t)
GDP (PPP)	2015 estimate
• Total	$2.647 trillion (10t)
• Per capita	$41,181[6] (24t)
GDP (nominal)	2015 estimate
• Tot	$2.422 trillion (6t)
• Per capita	$37,675[6] (20t)
Gini (2013)	30.1[7] medium
HDI (2015)	0.897[8] verra heich · 21st
Currency	Euro (EUR)[upper-roman 9] CFP franc (XPF)[upper-roman 10]
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET[upper-roman 11])
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST[upper-roman 12])
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Drivin side	right
Cawin code	+33[upper-roman 13]
ISO 3166 code	FR
Internet TLD	.fr[upper-roman 14]

Fraunce (French: France, [fʁɑ̃s]), offeecially the French Republic (République française, [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a kintra wi territory in wastren Europe an several owerseas regions an territories.^{[upper-roman 15]} The European, or metropolitan, aurie o Fraunce stends frae the Mediterranean Sea tae the Inglis Channel an the North Sea, an frae the Rhine tae the Atlantic Ocean. Owerseas Fraunce include French Guiana on the Sooth American continent an siveral island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific an Indie oceans. Fraunce spans 643,801 square kilometre (248,573 sq mi)^[3] an haed a tot population o awmaist 67 million fowk as o Januar 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic wi the caipital in Paris, the kintra's lairgest ceety an main cultural an commercial centre. Ither major urban centres include Marseille^{[upper-roman 16]}, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse an Bordeaux.

In the Airn Age, the Gauls, a Celtic fowk, dwallt i whit is nou metropolitan Fraunce. The aurie wis annexed in 51 BC bi Roum, whilk held Gaul till 486, whan the Germanic Franks conquered the region an formed the Kinrick o Fraunce. Fraunce emerged as a major European pouer in the Late Middle Ages, wi its veectory in the Hunder Years' War (1337 tae 1453) strenthenin state-biggin an poleetical centralisation. Durin the Renaissance, French cultur flourisht and a global colonial empire wis estaiblisht, whilk bi the 20t century wad be the seicont lairgest in the warld.^[9] The 16t century wis dominatit bi releegious ceevil wars atween Catholics an Protestants (Huguenots). Fraunce acame Europe's dominant cultural, poleetical, an militar power unner Louis XIV.^[10] In the late 18t century, the French Revolution owerthrew the absolute monarchy, established ane o modren history's earliest republics, an saw the draftin o the Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen, whilk expresses the naition's ideals tae this day.

In the 19t century Napoleon teuk pouer an estaiblisht the First French Empire, whase subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the coorse o continental Europe. Follaein the collapse o the Empire, Fraunce endured a tumultuous succession o govrenments culminatin wi the establishment o the French Third Republic in 1870. Fraunce wis a major pairteecipant in the First Warld War, frae whilk it emerged victorious, an wis ane o the Allied Pouers in the Seicont Warld War, but cam unner occupation bi the Axis Pouers in 1940. Follaein leeberation in 1944, a Fowert Republic wis established an later dissolved in the coorse o the Algerian War. The Fift Republic, led bi Charles de Gaulle, wis formed in 1958 an remeens tae this day. Algerie an nearly aw the ither colonies acame independent in the 1960s wi minimal controversy an teepically reteened close economic an militar connections wi Fraunce.

Fraunce haes lang been a global centre o airt, science, an filosofie. It hosts Europe's fowerth-lairgest nummer o cultural UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids an receives aroond 83 million foreign tourists annually, the maist o ony kintra in the warld.^[11] Fraunce is a developit kintra wi the warld's saxt-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP^[12] an nint-lairgest bi purchasin pouer parity.^[13] In terms o aggregate hoosehauld wealth, it ranks fowert in the warld.^[14] Fraunce performs weel in internaitional rankins o eddication, heal care, life expectancy, an human development.^[15][16] Fraunce remeens a great pouer in the warld,^[17] bein ane o the five permanent members o the Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil wi the pouer tae veto an an offeecial nuclear-wappen state. It's a leadin member state o the European Union an the Eurozone.^[18] It is a member o the Group o 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development (OECD), the Warld Tred Organisation (WTO), an La Francophonie an aa.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "upper-roman", but no corresponding <references group="upper-roman"/> tag was found

1. ↑ Part des populations étrangères et immigrées en 2013
2. ↑ CIA (2015). "The World Factbook: France". Archived frae the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 19 Februar 2016.
3. ↑ ^{a b} "The World Factbook – Field Listing – Area". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived frae the original on 31 Januar 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
4. ↑ "France Métropolitaine". INSEE. 2011. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. ↑ ^{a b} https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1912926
6. ↑ ^{a b} "France, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2016". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 9 Mey 2016.
7. ↑ "CIA World Factbook". CIA. Archived frae the original on 13 Juin 2007. Retrieved 16 Apryle 2013.
8. ↑ "2016 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2016. Retrieved 23 Mairch 2017.
9. ↑ Hargreaves, Alan G., ed. (2005). Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism. Lexington Books. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-0821-5.
10. ↑ R.R. Palmer and Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World (5th ed. 1978), p. 161
11. ↑ "UNWTO Highlights". United Nations World Tourism Organization. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 14 Januar 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
12. ↑ "GDP (current US$)". Data.worldbank.org. The World Bank Group. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
13. ↑ "GDP, PPP (current international $)". Data.worldbank.org. The World Bank Group. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
14. ↑ "Global Wealth Report" (PDF). Credit Suisse. Retrieved 27 October 2014. "In euro and USD terms, the total wealth of French households is very sizeable. Although it has just 1% of the world's adults, France ranks fourth among nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany. Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1%, but France itself contributes a quarter of the European contingent.
15. ↑ "World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems". World Health Organization. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 16 Julie 2011.
16. ↑ "World Population Prospects – The 2006 Revision" (PDF). UN. Retrieved 27 Apryle 2010.
17. ↑ Jack S. Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495–1975, (2014) p. 29
18. ↑ "Europa Official Site – France". EU. Retrieved 28 October 2014.