Armenians are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.[1][2][3] Armenians are the main population of the Republic of Armenia. They were the main population of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh until the Armenians of Nagorno-Narabakh were ethnically cleansed. There is a diaspora of around five million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today are in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil, Syria, and Turkey. The present-day Armenian diaspora was mainly a result of the Armenian genocide with the exceptions of Iran, former Soviet states, and parts of the Levant.[4]
They speak Armenian which is an Indo-European language unique in that language family.[2][5] It has two mutually intelligible spoken and written forms. Eastern Armenian, today is spoken mainly in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet republics. Western Armenian, is used in Western Armenia and, after the Armenian genocide, primarily in the Armenian diasporan communities. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.
Most Armenians are in the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian Christian church. It is the world's oldest national church. Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after the death of Jesus, due to the efforts of two of his apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew.[6] In the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as a state religion,[7] followed by the first pilgrimages to the Holy Land where a community established the Armenian Quarter of Old Jerusalem.[8][9]
Armenian: Հայեր, romanized: Hayer | |
---|---|
![]() Flag of Armenia | |
Total population | |
c. 7–8 million[10]![]() | |
Regions with significant populations | |
![]() ![]() | |
Modern Armenian diaspora: | |
![]() | 946,172–2,500,000[13][14] |
![]() | 485,970–1,500,000[15][14] |
![]() | 500,000–600,000[14] |
![]() | 99,900–130,000[16][14] |
![]() | 63,810–65,000[17][14] |
![]() | 50,000–60,000[14] |
![]() | 92,000[14] |
![]() | 45,000–80,000[14] |
![]() | 20,000[18][14] |
![]() | 16,723[19] |
![]() | 35,000–40,000[14] |
![]() | 70,000[14] |
![]() | 70,000–80,000[14] |
Armenian minorities in Middle East: | |
![]() | 70,000–80,000[14] |
![]() | 65,000–70,000[14] |
![]() | 50,000–70,000[20][21][14] |
![]() | 70,000–80,000[14] |
Armenian minorities in Caucasus: | |
![]() | 168,100–400,000[22][14] 41,875[23] |
Languages | |
Armenian | |
Religion | |
![]() (Armenian Apostolic Church) | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Hayhurum[a] |
The lands of the Armenians were for millennia located in Eastern Anatolia, on the Armenian Highlands, and into the Caucasus Mountain range. First mentioned by a Greek and a Persian source in the 6th century BC, modern DNA studies have shown that the people themselves had already been in place for many millennia. The people the world know as Armenians call themselves Hay and their country Hayots' ashkharh–the land of the Armenians, today known as Hayastan. Their language, Hayeren (Armenian) is a separate and unique branch of the Indo-European linguistic family tree. A spoken language until Christianity became the state religion in 314 AD, a unique alphabet was created for it in 407, both for the propagation of the new faith and to avoid assimilation into the Persian literary world.
The Armenians, an Indo-European people, first appear in history shortly after the end of the 7th century BCE[, d]riving some of the ancient population to the east of Mount Ararat [...]
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