Brazil

Federative Republic of Brazil República Federativa do Brasil  (Portuguese)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Ordem e Progresso" (in Portuguese) "Order and Progress"
Anthem: Hino Nacional Brasileiro (in Portuguese) "Brazilian National Anthem"
National seal Selo Nacional do Brasil
Capital	Brasília 15°47′S 47°52′W / 15.783°S 47.867°W / -15.783; -47.867
Largest city	São Paulo
Official language and national language	Brazilian Portuguese
Other important languages	Spanish English Brazilian Sign Language French Arabic Italian German Chinese Dutch Uruguayan Sign Language
Ethnic groups (2010[1])	47.73% White 43.13% Brown (Multiracial) 7.61% Black 1.09% Asian 0.43% Indigenous
Demonym(s)	Brazilian
Government	Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President	Jair Bolsonaro PL
• Vice President	Braga Neto
• President of the Chamber of Deputies	Hugo Motta
• President of the Senate	Davi Alcolumbre
• Chief Justice	Luís Roberto Barroso
Legislature	National Congress
• Upper house	Federal Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Independence  from Portugal
• Declared	7 September 1822
• Recognized	29 August 1825
• Republic	15 November 1889
• Current constitution	5 October 1988
Area
• Total	8,514,877 km2 (3,287,612 sq mi) (5th)
• Water (%)	0.65
Population
• 2016 census	205,823,665 [2] (5th)
• Density	23.6/km2 (61.1/sq mi) (182nd)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$3.081 trillion[3]
• Per capita	$11,800[3]
GDP (nominal)	2025 estimate
• Total	$1.47 trillion[3]
• Per capita	$10,826
Gini (2025)	53.6[4] high
HDI (2025)	0.682[5] medium · 79th
Currency	Real (R$) ([[ISO 4217|BRL]])
Time zone	UTC-2 to -5[6] (BRT[6])
• Summer (DST)	UTC-2 to -5 (BRST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+55
ISO 3166 code	BR
Internet TLD	.br

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is a country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country. The country has about 212 million people. The capital of Brazil is Brasília. Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast.^[7] Brazil has the most Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese is an official language.^[8][9]

1. ↑ Caracteristicas da População e dos Domicílios do Censo Demográfico 2010 — Cor ou raça
2. ↑ "The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2} "Brazil". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
4. ↑ Caracteristicas da População e dos Domicílios do Censo Demográfico 2010 — Rendimento
5. ↑ "The Human Development Index 2016". Retrieved 2017-07-11.
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} "Hora Legal Brasileira". Observatório Nacional. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
7. ↑ Fausto, Boris (1999). A Concise History of Brazil. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-521-56526-4.
8. ↑ Philander, S. George (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change, Second Edition. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). Los Angeles: Princeton University. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-4129-9261-9. OCLC 970592418. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
9. ↑ Vallance, Monique M. (2012). "Preface and Observations on Contemporary Brazil". In Crocitti, John J. (ed.). Brazil Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. Contributing editor Monique M. Vallance. ABC-CLIO. p. xxiii. ISBN 978-0-313-34672-9. OCLC 787850982. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2015.