Kazakhstan

Republic of Kazakhstan Қазақстан Республикасы  (Kazakh) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Республика Казахстан  (Russian) Respublika Kazakhstan
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Менің Қазақстаным Menıñ Qazaqstanym "My Kazakhstan"
Location of  Kazakhstan  (green)
Capital	Astana 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°E / 51.167; 71.433
Largest city	Almaty
Official languages	Kazakh (national/state) Russian (official)
Common languages	Kazakh language Russian language
Official scripts	Cyrillic Latin
Ethnic groups (2018[1])	65.5% Kazakh 21.5% Russian 3.0% Uzbek 1.8% Ukrainian 1.4% Uyghur 1.2% Tatar 1.1% German 4.5% others
Religion	70.2% Muslims 26.3% Christians 3.5% others
Demonym(s)	Kazakhstani[a][3]
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Prime Minister	Oljas Bektenov
• Chairman of the Senate	Maulen Ashimbayev
• Chairman of the Mazhilis	Nurlan Nigmatulin
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Mazhilis
Formation
• Kazakh Khanate	1465
• Alash Autonomy	13 December 1917
• Kirghiz ASSR	26 August 1920
• Kazakh ASSR	19 June 1925
• Kazakh SSR	5 December 1936
• Declared Sovereignty	25 October 1990
• Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan	10 December 1991
• Declared Independence from the USSR	16 December 1991
• CIS Accession	21 December 1991
• Recognized	26 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations	2 March 1992
• Current constitution	30 August 1995
Area
• Total	2,724,900 km2 (1,052,100 sq mi) (9th)
• Water (%)	1.7
Population
• 2019 estimate	18,448,600[4] (63rd)
• Density	7/km2 (18.1/sq mi) (236th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$534.271 billion[5] (41st)
• Per capita	$28,514[5] (53rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$164.207 billion[5] (54th)
• Per capita	$8,763[5] (71st)
Gini (2017)	27.5[6] low
HDI (2017)	0.800[7] very high · 58th
Currency	Tenge (₸) (KZT)
Time zone	UTC+5 / +6 (West / East)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+7-6xx, +7-7xx
ISO 3166 code	KZ
Internet TLD	.kz .қаз

Kazakhstan is a landlocked country in the middle of Eurasia. Its official name is the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest country in the world, and it is also the biggest landlocked country in the world. Before the end of the Soviet Union, it was called "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic". The president of the country from 1991 through March 2019 was Nursultan Nazarbayev. Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. Almaty was the capital until 1998, when it moved to Astana.

The Kazakh language, which is a Turkic language, is the native language, but Russian has equal official status for all administrative and institutional purposes.^[8] Islam is the largest religion- about 70% of the population are Muslims, with Christianity practiced by 26%;^[9] Russia leases (rents) the land for the Baikonur Cosmodrome (site of Russian spacecraft launches) from Kazakhstan.

1. ↑ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года". Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
2. ↑ Schneider, Johann F.; Larsen, Knud S.; Krumov, Krum; Vazow, Grigorii (2013). Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior. Kassel university press GmbH. p. 164. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4.
3. ↑ Kazakhstan Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. CIA World Factbook.
4. ↑ "Негізгі". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
6. ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
7. ↑ "2018 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
8. ↑ The constitution of Kazakhstan Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language.
9. ↑ "The results of the national population census in 2009". Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2010.