![]() Pictured in natural color in 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
Designations | |||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈmɑːrz/ (![]() | ||||||||||||||||
Adjectives | Martian | ||||||||||||||||
Orbital characteristics | |||||||||||||||||
Epoch J2000 | |||||||||||||||||
Aphelion | 249200000 km (154800000 mi; 1.666 AU) | ||||||||||||||||
Perihelion | 206700000 km (128400000 mi; 1.382 AU) | ||||||||||||||||
227939200 km (141634900 mi; 1.523679 AU) | |||||||||||||||||
Eccentricity | 0.0934 | ||||||||||||||||
686.971 d (1.88082 yr; 668.5991 sols) | |||||||||||||||||
779.96 d (2.1354 yr) | |||||||||||||||||
Average orbital speed | 24.007 km/s (86430 km/h; 53700 mph) | ||||||||||||||||
Inclination |
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49.558° | |||||||||||||||||
286.502° | |||||||||||||||||
Satellites | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||||||
Mean radius | 3389.5 ± 0.2 km (2106.1 ± 0.1 mi) | ||||||||||||||||
Equatorial radius | 3396.2 ± 0.1 km (2110.3 ± 0.1 mi; 0.533 Earths) | ||||||||||||||||
Polar radius | 3376.2 ± 0.1 km (2097.9 ± 0.1 mi; 0.531 Earths) | ||||||||||||||||
Flattening | 0.00589±0.00015 | ||||||||||||||||
144798500 km2[1] (55907000 sq mi; 0.284 Earths) | |||||||||||||||||
Volume | 1.6318×1011 km3 (0.151 Earths) | ||||||||||||||||
Mass | 6.4171×1023 kg (0.107 Earths) | ||||||||||||||||
Mean density | 3.9335 g/cm3 (0.1421 lb/cu in) | ||||||||||||||||
3.72076 m/s2[2] (12.2072 ft/s2; 0.3794 g) | |||||||||||||||||
0.3662±0.0017 | |||||||||||||||||
5.027 km/s (18100 km/h; 11250 mph) | |||||||||||||||||
Sidereal rotation period | 1.025957 d 24h 37m 22s | ||||||||||||||||
Equatorial rotation velocity | 241.17 m/s (868.22 km/h; 539.49 mph) | ||||||||||||||||
25.19° to its orbital plane | |||||||||||||||||
North pole right ascension | 317.68143° 21h 10m 44s | ||||||||||||||||
North pole declination | 52.88650° | ||||||||||||||||
Albedo | |||||||||||||||||
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−2.94 to +1.86 | |||||||||||||||||
3.5–25.1″ | |||||||||||||||||
Atmosphere | |||||||||||||||||
Surface pressure | 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa 0.00628 atm | ||||||||||||||||
Composition by volume |
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, nicknamed The Red Planet.
Mars is a terrestrial planet with caps of water and carbon dioxide.[5][6] It has the largest volcano in the Solar System, and some very large impact craters.[5]
Mars is named after the mythological Roman god of war because it appears of red color. Anything that has to do with Mars is called "Martian".
Space probes, such as the Viking program landers, are the main tools for the exploration of Mars.
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