Muhammad

Muhammad
مُحَمَّد
Muhammad; مُحَمَّد
	"Muhammad the Messenger of God"; inscribed on the gates of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina
Born	Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ; (Arabic: مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله); c. 570; Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia; (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Died	8 June 632 (aged c. 61–62); Medina, Hejaz, Arabia; (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Resting place	Green Dome at al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina; (present-day Saudi Arabia); 24°28′03.22″N 039°36′41.18″E / 24.4675611°N 39.6114389°E
Other names	Abu al-Qasim (nickname); Rasūl Allāh (Messenger of God); (see Names and titles of Muhammad);
Years active	583–609 as merchant; 609–632 as religious leader
Notable work	Constitution of Medina
Successor	Succession to Muhammad
Spouse
Khadija bint Khuwaylid	595–619
Sawda bint Zamʿa	619–632
Aisha bint Abi Bakr	619–632
Hafsa bint Umar	624–632
Zaynab bint Khuzayma	625–627
Hind bint Abi Umayya	625–632
Zaynab bint Jahsh	627–632
Juwayriyya bint al-Harith	628–632
Ramla bint Abi Sufyan	628–632
Rayhana bint Zayd	629–631
Safiyya bint Huyayy	629–632
Maymunah bint al-Harith	630–632
Maria al-Qibtiyya	630–632
Children	Children
Parent(s)	Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib (father); Aminah bint Wahb (mother)
Relatives	Family tree of Muhammad, Ahl al-Bayt ("Family of the House")
	Arabic name
Personal (Ism)	Muhammad
Patronymic (Nasab)	Muḥammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab
Teknonymic (Kunya)	Abu al-Qasim
Epithet (Laqab)	Khātim an-Nâbîyīn (Seal of the prophets)
Signature

Muhammad also Mohammed (570 – 8 June 632) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader, best known as founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam, with the Qur'an and his teachings and practices forming the basis for Islamic religious belief.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Muhammad was born in Mecca, Hejaz. He was raised by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib and later by his uncle Abu Talib. When he was young, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on trade trips. In 610 AD, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was praying, he reportedly met Gabriel and received the first revelation of the Qur'an. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. He started preaching monotheism publicly where he received opposition from Meccan polytheists. He was eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca. After reaching Medina with Abu Bakr, the Medinan Muslims helped Muhammad and made a mosque there.

↑ Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby (2009). "Muḥammad". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "Muhammad | Biography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
↑ Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

[OEIW-1] Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby (2009). "Muḥammad". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] "Muhammad | Biography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 December 2018.

[Goldman-3] Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

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