Portugal

Portuguese Republic República Portuguesa (Portuguese)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  Esta é a ditosa Pátria minha amada ("This is my blissful beloved homeland")
Anthem:  A Portuguesa ("The Portuguese")
Show globe Show map of the European Union Location of  Portugal  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Capital and largest city	Lisbon 38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150
Official languages	Portuguese (also in national language) Portuguese Sign Language
Recognised regional languages	Mirandese[note 1]
Ethnic groups (2021)[note 2][3]	94.6% Portuguese 5.4% Others
Religion (2011)	84.3% Christianity —81.0% Catholic Church —3.3% Other Christians 6.8% No religion 0.6% Others 8.3% Undeclared
Demonym(s)	Portuguese
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic[4]
• President	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
• Prime Minister	Luís Montenegro
Legislature	Assembly of the Republic
Establishment
• Foundation	868
• Re-founding	1095
• Sovereignty	24 June 1128
• Kingdom	25 July 1139
• Restoration	1 December 1640
• First Constitution	23 September 1822
• Republic	5 October 1910
• Democratization	25 April 1974
• Current constitution	25 April 1976[note 3]
• EEC accession	1 January 1986
Area
• Total	92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi)[5] (109th)
• Water (%)	1.2 (as of 2015)[6]
Population
• 2021 census	10,344,802[3]
• Density	112.2[7]/km2 (290.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$406.2 billion[8] (52nd)
• Per capita	$39,544[8] (58th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$271.2 billion[8] (47th)
• Per capita	$26,404[8] (52nd)
Gini (2019)	31.9[9] medium
HDI (2019)	0.864[10] very high · 38th
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC (WET) UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (WEST) UTC (Atlantic/Azores)
	Note: Mainland Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST, the Azores are 1 hour behind.
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Mains electricity	230V - 50Hz
Driving side	Right
Calling code	+351
ISO 3166 code	PT
Internet TLD	.pt
^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),[1] awarding it an official right-of-use.[2] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized. ^ By country of citizenship ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005.

Portugal is a country in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of Europe and part of the Mediterranean area. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. Its capital city is Lisbon. It has been a member of the European Union since 1986.

Portugal was under a dictatorship between 1926 and 1974 called Estado Novo. This dictatorship was ended by a peaceful revolution called the Carnation Revolution. The Portuguese economy has been very good since then although it was hit hard by the recession of 2007-2008.

It once had an empire called the Portuguese Empire, and was a powerful maritime nation from the 1500s to the 1800s, being the tenth-largest empire, with a maximum land area of 10.4 million km² which included Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, East Timore, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka), as well as Macau in China (until 2002).

Portugal is a popular holiday destination but is sometimes overlooked in favour of larger countries like France, Spain and Italy. The Algarve region in the south and the capital Lisbon are the most popular destinations.

The country has a national football team. Portugal won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2017, and hosted the contest the following year.

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} "Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community)". Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from the original on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal, europa.eu – European Commission website. Retrieved January 2007. Link updated December 2015
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} "Censos 2021 - Divulgação dos Resultados Provisórios". Statistics Portugal - Web Portal. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
4. ↑ Constitution of Portugal, Preamble:
5. ↑ (in Portuguese)"Superfície Que municípios têm maior e menor área?". Pordata. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
6. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
7. ↑ "PORDATA - Population density, according to Census".
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3} "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects – Portugal". International Monetary Fund. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
9. ↑ "Gini coefficient". Portugal: PORDATA. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
10. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.