Spain

Kingdom of Spain Reino de España  (Spanish) 4 other names[a] Catalan: Regne d'Espanya Basque: Espainiako Erresuma Galician: Reino de España Occitan: Reiaume d'Espanha
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Plus ultra  (Latin) (English: "Further Beyond")
Anthem: Marcha Real  (Spanish)[1] (English: "Royal March")
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of  Spain  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Capital and largest city	Madrid 40°26′N 3°42′W / 40.433°N 3.700°W / 40.433; -3.700
Official language	Castilian Spanish[b] (also in national language)
Nationality (2020)	84.8% Spaniards 15.2% Others[3]
Religion (2022)[4]	57.6% Catholicism 37.7% No religion 2.9% Others 1.8% Unanswered
Demonym(s)	Spanish Spaniard
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Felipe VI
• Prime Minister	Pedro Sánchez
Legislature	Cortes Generales
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Congress of Deputies
Formation
• De facto	20 January 1479
• De jure	9 June 1715
• First constitution	19 March 1812
• Francoist Spain	1 April 1939–1978
• Current democracy	29 December 1978
• EEC accession[c]	1 January 1986
Area
• Total	505,990[5] km2 (195,360 sq mi) (51st)
• Water (%)	0.89 (2015)[6]
Population
• 2024 census	48,692,804[7] (30th)
• Density	97/km2 (251.2/sq mi) (120th)
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$1.942 trillion[8] (15th)
• Per capita	$41,736[8] (32nd)
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$1.450 trillion[8] (13th)
• Per capita	$31,178[8] (26th)
Gini (2019)	33.0[9] medium · 103rd
HDI (2019)	0.904[10] very high · 25th
Currency	Euro[d] (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC⁠±0 to +1 (WET and CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 to +2 (WEST and CEST)
	Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the Canary Islands which observe WET/WEST.
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+34
ISO 3166 code	ES
Internet TLD	.es[e]

Spain is a country in Southwestern Europe. It is in the Iberian Peninsula. Spain has borders with France, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. Ceuta and Melilla border with Morocco in North Africa. In Spain's northeast side are the Pyrenees mountains.

The people of Spain are known as Spaniards. They speak Castilian or Spanish (in Spanish, "Castellano", from Castilla, or "Español"). They speak other languages in some parts of the country. They are Catalan, Basque, and Asturian, Galician, Leonese, Aragonese, Aranese Occitan and even Portuguese. The religion of about 56% of the population in Spain is Roman Catholic.

Since 1975, Spain has had a constitutional monarchy. The King of Spain is Felipe VI; he only does what the constitution allows him to. The parliament is called "Las Cortes Generales," and has two bodies: "El Congreso" (The Congress) and "El Senado" (The Senate) and it is chosen by the Spanish people by voting. The Prime minister is Pedro Sánchez. The government and the king's palace are in Madrid, the capital of Spain.

Spain has more than 500,000 square kilometres of land. It is smaller than France, but it is bigger than Germany. Almost fifty million people live in Spain. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities (this means that they can decide upon some affairs themselves). Each community has its own government.

Spain is known for flamenco which is usually performed by the Caló.

Spain was a predominant Colonial Empire and had colonies throughout the continents South America, Asia, Oceania and Africa with a large hold of European lands.

Spain was under a dictatorship by Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1974.
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1. ↑ Presidency of the Government (11 October 1997). "Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 244 (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
2. ↑ "The Spanish Constitution". Lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
3. ↑ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año". ine.es. Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
4. ↑ CIS."Barómetro de Enero de 2022", 3,777 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?".
5. ↑ "Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
6. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
7. ↑ "INEbase / Estadística Continua de Población (ECP). Datos provisionales". ine.es. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
9. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
10. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.