Turkmenistan | |
---|---|
Motto: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr ("Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality")[2][3] | |
Anthem: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni ("State Anthem of Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan") | |
![]() Location of Turkmenistan (red) | |
Capital and largest city | Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E |
Official languages | Turkmen[4] |
Language of inter-ethnic communication | Russian |
Other languages | Uzbek • Kazakh • Eastern Armenian • Azerbaijani • Baluji • Kurmanji • Ukrainian • Persian and others |
Ethnic groups (2012) | |
Religion |
|
Demonym(s) | Turkmenistani Turkmen[5] Turkmenian |
Government | Unitary dominant-party presidential republic under an Authoritarian Dictatorship |
Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |
Raşit Meredow | |
Gülşat Mämmedowa | |
Legislature | Assembly (Mejlis)[6] |
Independence from Russia | |
• Conquest | 1879 |
13 May 1925 | |
• Declared state sovereignty | 22 August 1990 |
• From the Soviet Union | 27 October 1991 |
• Recognized | 26 December 1991 |
18 May 1992 | |
Area | |
• Total | 491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)[7] (52nd) |
• Water (%) | 4.9 |
Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 6,031,187 [8] (113th) |
• Density | 10.5/km2 (27.2/sq mi) (221st) |
GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $112.659 billion[9] |
• Per capita | $19,526[9] |
GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $42.764 billion[9] |
• Per capita | $7,411[9] |
Gini (1998) | 40.8 medium |
HDI (2019) | ![]() high · 111th |
Currency | Turkmen new manat (TMT) |
Time zone | UTC+05 (TMT) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +993 |
ISO 3166 code | TM |
Internet TLD | .tm |
Turkmenistan (/tɜːrkˈmɛnɪstæn/ (listen) or /tɜːrkmɛnɪˈstɑːn/ (
listen); Turkmen: Türkmenistan, pronounced [tʏɾkmønʏˈθːɑːn];[11]), also known as Turkmenia, is a country in South-Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. It has no ocean but it is on the Caspian Sea to the west. The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashghabat.[12]
The majority of the country is Muslim at 93%.
Turkmenistan is a non-aligned and fully neutral country.
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