Gender kamsitish

Gender kamsitish yoki Seksizm — maʼlum bir jins vakiliga qaratilgan notoʻgʻri fikr yoki kamsitish. Jinsiy kamsitish har kimga taʼsir qilishi mumkin, lekin bu birinchi navbatda ayollar va qizlarga koʻproq taʼsir oʻtkazadi^[1]. Bu stereotiplar va gender rollari bilan bogʻlangan^[2][3] va bir jins yoki jinsning boshqasidan ustun ekanligiga ishonishni oʻz ichiga olishi mumkin. Haddan tashqari jinsiy behurmatlik jinsiy zoʻravonlik, zoʻrlash va jinsiy tajovuzning boshqa shakllarini rivojlantirishi mumkin^[4]. Gender kamsitish seksizmni oʻz ichiga oladi. Bu atama odamlarga nisbatan ularning jins identifikatori^[5] yoki ularning jinsi farqlari asosida kamsitish sifatida aniqlanadi^[6]. Gender kamsitishning, ayniqsa, ish joyidagi tengsizlik yoʻnalishi koʻproq uchraydi^[6]. Bu hududdagi ijtimoiy yoki madaniy urf-odatlar va meʼyorlardan kelib chiqishi mumkin^[7].

1. ↑ There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example:
2. ↑ Matsumoto, David. The Handbook of Culture and Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2001 — 197 bet. ISBN 978-0-19-513181-9. 
3. ↑ Nakdimen, K. A. (1984). "The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping". American Journal of Psychiatry 141 (4): 499–503. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.4.499. PMID 6703126. https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_1984-04_141_4/page/499. 
4. ↑ Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice, University of New Haven
5. ↑ Macklem, Tony. Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-82682-2. 
6. ↑ ^{6,0 6,1} Sharyn Ann Lenhart. Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination: Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions. Routledge, 2004 — 6 bet. ISBN 978-1135941314. 2018-yil 20-aprelda qaraldi. „Gender or Sex Discrimination: This term refers to the types of gender bias that have a negative impact. The term has legal, as well as theoretical and psychological, definitions. Psychological consequences can be more readily inferred from the latter, but both definitions are of significance. Theoretically, gender discrimination has been described as (1) the unequal rewards that men and women receive in the workplace or academic environment because of their gender or sex difference (DiThomaso, 1989); (2) a process occurring in work or educational settings in which an individual is overtly or covertly limited access to an opportunity or a resource because of a sex or is given the opportunity or the resource reluctantly and may face harassment for picking it (Roeske & Pleck, 1983); or (3) both.“ 
7. ↑ Macfarlane. „FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist“. edition.cnn.com (2019-yil 12-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 20-iyun.