Back Burj Khalifa Afrikaans ቡርጅ ኻሊፋ Amharic Burch Khalifa AN برج خليفة Arabic برج خليفه ARZ বুৰ্জ খালিফা Assamese Burj Khalifa AST Bürc Xəlifə Azerbaijani بورج خلیفه AZB Бурдж-Хәлифә Bashkir
| Burj Khalifa | |
|---|---|
برج خليفة | |
 Viewed across The Dubai Fountain | |
 | |
| Record height | |
| Tallest in the world since 2009[I] | |
| Preceded by | Taipei 101 |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Mixed-use |
| Architectural style | Neo-futurism |
| Location | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Address | 1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard |
| Named for | Sheikh Khalifa |
| Construction started | 6 January 2004 |
| Topped-out | 17 January 2009 |
| Completed | 1 October 2009 |
| Opened | 4 January 2010 |
| Cost | US$1.5 billion |
| Owner | Emaar Properties |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 828 m (2,717 ft) |
| Tip | 829.8 m (2,722 ft) |
| Antenna spire | 242.5 m (796 ft) |
| Roof | 739.4 m (2,426 ft) |
| Top floor | 585.4 m (1,921 ft) |
| Observatory | 555.7 m (1,823 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Reinforced concrete, steel, and aluminium |
| Floor count | 154 + 9 maintenance |
| Floor area | 309,473 m2 (3,331,100 sq ft) |
| Lifts/elevators | 57 (mall included) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Adrian Smith |
| Architecture firm | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill |
| Structural engineer | Bill Baker |
| Main contractor | Samsung C&T |
| Other information | |
| Parking | 2 subterranean levels |
| Public transit access |  M1 At Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall |
| Website | |
| burjkhalifa | |
| References | |
| [1] | |
The Burj Khalifa[a] (known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration) is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the world's tallest structure. With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, or just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 242.6 m spire)[2] of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009, surpassing Taipei 101, the previous holder of that status.[3][4]
Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete and some of the structural steel for the building originated from the Palace of the Republic in East Berlin, the former East German parliament.[5] The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai. It was designed to be the centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to construct the building was based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition.[citation needed] The building is named in honor of the former president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.[6] Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world.
Burj Khalifa was designed by a team led by Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the firm that designed the Sears Tower in Chicago, a previous record holder for the world's tallest building. Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra. The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space. A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building. Although this design was derived from Tower Palace III, the Burj Khalifa's central core houses all vertical transportation except egress stairs within each of the wings.[7] The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai's hot summer temperatures. It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators.
At a certain point in the architectural and engineering process, the original Emaar developers experienced financial problems and required more money and economic funding. Sheikh Khalifa, the then-ruler of the United Arab Emirates, granted monetary aid and funding, hence the changing of the name from "Burj Dubai" to "Burj Khalifa". The concept of profitability derived from building high-density developments and malls around the landmark has proven successful. Its surrounding malls, hotels, and condominiums in Downtown Dubai have generated the most revenue from the project as a whole, while the Burj Khalifa itself made little or no profit.[8][9]
The critical reception of Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building has received many awards. Numerous complaints concern migrant workers from South Asia, the primary building labour force, who were paid low wages and sometimes had their passports confiscated.[10]
- ^ "Burj Khalifa". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Vanitywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DubaiOneInaugurationwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Berlin's Demolished Socialist Palace is Revived in Dubai, Deutsche Welle, 11 August 2008, archived from the original on 9 May 2009, retrieved 13 August 2008
- ^ Stanglin, Douglas (2 January 2010). "Dubai opens world's tallest building". USA Today. Dubai. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ Baker, William; Pawlikowski, James. "Higher and Higher: The Evolution of the Buttressed Core" (PDF). academic.csuohio.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ Hope, Gerhard (13 August 2011). "The Kingdom beckons". ConstructionWeekOnline. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ "Should the Kingdom Tower be built?". bdonline.com. 16 August 2011. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ^ "Archi-Ninja | Burj Khalifa (Dubai) – The Truth Behind the Bling". Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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