Implosive consonant

IPA: Implosive consonants

Voiced	ɓ ^ⓘ	ɗ ^ⓘ	ᶑ ^ⓘ	ʄ ^ⓘ	ɠ ^ⓘ
Voiced	ʛ ^ⓘ
Voiceless	ɓ̥ ^ⓘ	ɗ̥ ^ⓘ	ᶑ̥ ^ⓘ	ʄ̥ ^ⓘ	ɠ̊ ^ⓘ
Voiceless	ʛ̥ ^ⓘ

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism.^[1] That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can be modified by phonation. Contrastive implosives are found in approximately 13%^[2] of the world's languages.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by modifying the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: ⟨ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ⟩.

^ Ball, Martin J.; Müller, Nicole (2014-02-04). Phonetics for Communication Disorders. doi:10.4324/9781315805573. ISBN 978-1-315-80557-3.
^ Maddieson, Ian. 2008. Glottalized Consonants. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 7. Accessed on 2008-03-28 via Wals info.

[:0-1] Ball, Martin J.; Müller, Nicole (2014-02-04). Phonetics for Communication Disorders. doi:10.4324/9781315805573. ISBN 978-1-315-80557-3.

[2] Maddieson, Ian. 2008. Glottalized Consonants. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 7. Accessed on 2008-03-28 via Wals info.

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