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Macedonians (ethnic group)

For the population of North Macedonia, see Demographics of North Macedonia. For the ancient people, see Ancient Macedonians. For other uses, see Macedonian (disambiguation) and Macedonian Slavs (disambiguation).

Macedonians
Македонци
Makedonci
Map of the Macedonian diaspora in the world
Regions with significant populations
North Macedonia North Macedonia 1,073,375[1]
 Australia111,352 (2021 census)–200,000[2][3]
 Germany115,210 (2020)[3][4]
 Italy65,347 (2017)[5]
 United States61,753–200,000[6][3]
  Switzerland61,304–63,000[3][7]
 Brazil45,000[8]
 Canada43,110 (2016 census)–200,000[9][10]
 Turkey31,518 (2001 census)[11]
 Argentina30,000[8]
 Greece10,000–30,000[12]
 Serbia22,755 (2011 census)[13]
 Austria20,135[3][14]
 Netherlands10,000–15,000[3]
 United Kingdom9,000 (est.)[3]
 Finland8,963[15]
 Hungary7,253[16]
 Albania5,512 (2011 census)[17]
 Denmark5,392 (2018)[18]
 Slovakia4,600[19]
 Sweden4,491 (2009)[20]
 Croatia4,138 (2011 census)[21]
 Slovenia3,972 (2002 census)[22]
 Belgium3,419 (2002)[23]
 Norway3,045[24]
 France2,300–15,000[25]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina2,278 (2005)[26]
 Czech Republic2,011[27]
 Poland2,000–4,500[28][29]
 Romania1,264 (2011 census)[30]
 Bulgaria1,143 (2021 census)[31]
 Montenegro900 (2011 census)[32]
 New Zealand807–1,500[33][34]
 Portugal310[28][35]
 Russia155[36]
Languages
Macedonian
Religion
Predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christianity
(Macedonian Orthodox Church)
Minority Sunni Islam (Torbeši)
Catholicism
(Roman Catholic and Macedonian Greek Catholic)
Related ethnic groups
Other South Slavs, especially Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia, Bulgarians[a] and Torlak speakers in Serbia

Macedonians (Macedonian: Македонци, romanized: Makedonci) are a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in Southeast Europe. They speak Macedonian, a South Slavic language. The large majority of Macedonians identify as Eastern Orthodox Christians, who share a cultural and historical "Orthodox Byzantine–Slavic heritage" with their neighbours. About two-thirds of all ethnic Macedonians live in North Macedonia and there are also communities in a number of other countries.

The concept of a Macedonian ethnicity, distinct from their Orthodox Balkan neighbours, is seen to be a comparatively newly emergent one.[b] The earliest manifestations of an incipient Macedonian identity emerged during the second half of the 19th century[46][47][48] among limited circles of Slavic-speaking intellectuals, predominantly outside the region of Macedonia. They arose after the First World War and especially during 1930s, and thus were consolidated by Communist Yugoslavia's governmental policy after the Second World War.[c] The formation of the ethnic Macedonians as a separate community has been shaped by population displacement[54] as well as by language shift,[55][dubious – discuss] both the result of the political developments in the region of Macedonia during the 20th century. Following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the decisive point in the ethnogenesis of the South Slavic ethnic group was the creation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after World War II, a state in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This was followed by the development of a separate Macedonian language and national literature, and the foundation of a distinct Macedonian Orthodox Church and national historiography.

  1. ^ State Statistical Office
  2. ^ "Cultural diversity: Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Republic of Macedonia MFA estimate Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ 2006 figures Archived 19 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ Foreign Citizens in Italy, 2017 Archived 6 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ 2020 Community Survey
  7. ^ 2005 Figures Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ a b Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica (1995). Македонски Иселенички Алманах '95. Skopje: Матица на Иселениците на Македонија. pp. 52–53.
  9. ^ "My Info Agent". Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  10. ^ 2006 census Archived 25 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ^ 2001 census Archived 15 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference dev.eurac.edu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ "Попис у Србији 2011". Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  14. ^ Tabelle 13: Ausländer nach Staatsangehörigkeit (ausgewählte Staaten), Altersgruppen und Geschlecht — p. 74.
  15. ^ "United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". un.org. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  16. ^ 1996 estimate Archived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ^ minorityrights.org
  18. ^ Population by country of origin
  19. ^ OECD Statistics.
  20. ^ Population by country of birth 2009.
  21. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  22. ^ 2002 census (stat.si).
  23. ^ "Belgium population statistics". dofi.fgov.be. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
  24. ^ 2008 figures Archived 12 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ^ 2003 census Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine,Population Estimate from the MFA Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  26. ^ 2005 census Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  27. ^ czso.cz
  28. ^ a b Makedonci vo Svetot Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  29. ^ Polands Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947, p. 260.
  30. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune" (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  31. ^ Ива Капкова, Етноанализът на НСИ: 8,4% в България се определят към турския етнос, 4,4% казват, че са роми; 24.11.2022, Dir.bg
  32. ^ Montenegro 2011 census.
  33. ^ "2006 census". Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  34. ^ Population Estimate from the MFA Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "República de Macedonia - Emigrantes totales".
  36. ^ {{https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}
  37. ^ "Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States", p. 517 The Macedonians are a Southern Slav people, closely related to Bulgarians.
  38. ^ "Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook", p. 54 Macedonians are a Slavic people closely related to the neighboring Bulgarians.
  39. ^ Day, Alan John; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2002). Political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 9780203403747.
  40. ^ Krste Misirkov, On the Macedonian Matters (Za Makedonckite Raboti), Sofia, 1903: "And, anyway, what sort of new Macedonian nation can this be when we and our fathers and grandfathers and great-grandfathers have always been called Bulgarians?"
  41. ^ Sperling, James; Kay, Sean; Papacosma, S. Victor (2003). Limiting institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7190-6605-4. Macedonian nationalism Is a new phenomenon. In the early twentieth century, there was no separate Slavic Macedonian identity
  42. ^ Titchener, Frances B.; Moorton, Richard F. (1999). The eye expanded: life and the arts in Greco-Roman antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-520-21029-5. On the other hand, the Macedonians are a newly emergent people in search of a past to help legitimize their precarious present as they attempt to establish their singular identity in a Slavic world dominated historically by Serbs and Bulgarians. ... The twentieth-century development of a Macedonian ethnicity, and its recent evolution into independent statehood following the collapse of the Yugoslav state in 1991, has followed a rocky road. In order to survive the vicissitudes of Balkan history and politics, the Macedonians, who have had no history, need one.
  43. ^ Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6. The key fact about Macedonian nationalism is that it is new: in the early twentieth century, Macedonian villagers defined their identity religiously—they were either "Bulgarian," "Serbian," or "Greek" depending on the affiliation of the village priest. ... According to the new Macedonian mythology, modern Macedonians are the direct descendants of Alexander the Great's subjects. They trace their cultural identity to the ninth-century Saints Cyril and Methodius, who converted the Slavs to Christianity and invented the first Slavic alphabet, and whose disciples maintained a centre of Christian learning in western Macedonia. A more modern national hero is Gotse Delchev, leader of the turn-of-the-century Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which was actually a largely pro-Bulgarian organization but is claimed as the founding Macedonian national movement.
  44. ^ Rae, Heather (2002). State identities and the homogenisation of peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 0-521-79708-X. Despite the recent development of Macedonian identity, as Loring Danforth notes, it is no more or less artificial than any other identity. It merely has a more recent ethnogenesis – one that can therefore more easily be traced through the recent historical record.
  45. ^ Zielonka, Jan; Pravda, Alex (2001). Democratic consolidation in Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-19-924409-6. Unlike the Slovene and Croatian identities, which existed independently for a long period before the emergence of SFRY Macedonian identity and language were themselves a product federal Yugoslavia, and took shape only after 1944. Again unlike Slovenia and Croatia, the very existence of a separate Macedonian identity was questioned—albeit to a different degree—by both the governments and the public of all the neighboring nations (Greece being the most intransigent)
  46. ^ Bonner, Raymond (14 May 1995). "The World; The Land That Can't Be Named". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019. Macedonian nationalism did not arise until the end of the last century.
  47. ^ Rossos, Andrew (2008). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History (PDF). Hoover Institution Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0817948832. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019. They were also insisting that the Macedonians sacrifice their national name, under which, as we have seen throughout this work, their national identity and their nation formed in the nineteenth century.
  48. ^ Rossos, Andrew (2008). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History (PDF). Hoover Institution Press. p. 284. ISBN 978-0817948832. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019. Under very trying circumstances, most ethnic Macedonians chose a Macedonian identity. That identity began to form with the Slav awakening in Macedonia in the first half of the nineteenth century.
  49. ^ Loring M. Danforth, The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, 1995, Princeton University Press, p.65, ISBN 0-691-04356-6
  50. ^ Stephen Palmer, Robert King, Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian question, Hamden, Connecticut Archon Books, 1971, p.p.199-200
  51. ^ Livanios, Dimitris (17 April 2008). The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939–1949. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191528729. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  52. ^ Woodhouse, Christopher M. (2002). The Struggle for Greece, 1941–1949. Hurst. ISBN 9781850654926. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  53. ^ Poulton, Hugh (1995). Who are the Macedonians?. Hurst. ISBN 9781850652380. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  54. ^ James Horncastle, The Macedonian Slavs in the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949; Rowman & Littlefield, 2019, ISBN 1498585051, p. 130.
  55. ^ Stern, Dieter and Christian Voss (eds). 2006. "Towards the peculiarities of language shift in Northern Greece". In: "Marginal Linguistic Identities: Studies in Slavic Contact and Borderland Varieties." Eurolinguistische Arbeiten. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag; ISBN 9783447053549, pp. 87–101.


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