Help:IPA/Arabic

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Arabic on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Arabic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Arabic phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Modern Standard Arabic, and varieties of Arabic for regional variation.

IPA	English approximation	Arabic letter/symbol	Usual romanization	Letter name
A–B
a^[a]	cat in British English, only approx. in American English, could also be realised as [æ]	َ	a, á, e	فَتْحَة (fatḥah)
aː^[b]	not exact, longer far, could also be realised as [æː]	ـَا (ى at word end)	ā, â, aa, a	أَلِف (ʾalif) الف مقصورة (ʾalif maqṣūrah)
aj^[c]	/a/+/j/, my or nate	ْـَي	ay, ai, ey, ei	يَاء (yāʾ)
aw^[d]	/a/+/w/, noun	ْـَو	aw, au	وَاو (wāw)
b	bee	ب	b	بَاء (bāʾ)
D
d	dash	د	d	دَال (dāl)
dˤ^[e]	emphatic and pharyngealized /d/, no equivalent, can be approximated to RP dawn	ض	ḍ, dh	ضَاد (ḍād)
dʒ	jam	ج^[f]	j, ǧ, dj, g	جِيم (jīm)
ð	these	ذ	dh, ḏ	ذَال (dhāl)
ðˤ^[e]^[g]	emphatic and pharyngealized [ð], can be approximated to RP mother	ظ	ẓ	ظَاء (ẓāʾ)
F–H
f	father	ف	f	فَاء (fāʾ)
h	hi	ه	h	هَاء (hāʾ)
ħ	hello, but pronounced in the back of your throat	ح	ḥ	حَاء (ḥāʾ)
I–K
i^[h]	happy	ِ	i, e	كَسْرَة (kasrah)
iː^[i]	machine	ـِي	ī, ee, i	يَاء (yāʾ)
j	yes	ي	y	يَاء (yāʾ)
k^[1]	kin	ك	k	كَاف (kāf)
L–N
l	lease (Received Pronunciation)	ل	l	لَام (lām)
ɫ^[j]	tool	ل	l	لَام (lām)
m	me	م	m	مِيم (mīm)
n	no	ن	n	نُون (nūn)
q	like cat, but further down to the uvula (uvular).	ق	q, g, '	قَاف (qāf)
r	"tapped" or "trilled" r; Spanish perro	ر	r	رَاء (rāʾ)
s	snake	س	s	سِين (sīn)
sˤ^[e]	close to saw, emphatic and pharyngealized /s/	ص	ṣ	صَاد (ṣād)
ʃ	sheep	ش	sh, š, ch	شِين (shīn)
T–W
t^[1]	tick	ت (sometimes ة)	t	تَاء (tāʾ) تاء مربوطة (tāʾ marbūṭah)
tˤ^[e]	emphatic and pharyngealized /t/, no equivalent	ط	ṭ	طَاء (ṭāʾ)
θ	think	ث	th, ṯ	ثَاء (thāʾ)
u^[k]	fruition	ُ	u, o, ou	ضَمَّة (ḍammah)
uː^[l]	boot	ـُو	ū, oo, ou, u	وَاو (wāw)
w	we	و	w	وَاو (wāw)
X–Z
x ~ χ	Scottish loch	خ	kh, ḫ, ḵ	خَاء (khāʾ)
ɣ ~ ʁ	like gallon, but with a guttural sound further down to the uvula (uvular). Alternatively like French paris	غ	gh, ġ, ḡ	غَيْن (ghayn)
z	zoo	ز	z	زَاي (zāy)
Other
ʔ	The pause in uh-oh!; The 'tt' in kitten in Standard American English; Cockney butter; glottal stop	ء	ʾ ’ '	هَمْزة (hamzah)
ʕ	no equivalent in english (voiced pharyngeal fricative or voiced creaky-voiced pharyngeal approximant)	ع	ʿ ‘ ' `	عَيْن (ʿayn)
θ	see under T—W
ˈ	[ˈkiːwi] كِيوِي ('kiwi')	Means that the following syllable is stressed: /ˈʕarabiː/ عربي ('Arab').
ː	[kiːs] كِيس ('sack')	Means that the preceding vowel is long
[ˈdˤɑħ.ħæ] ضَحّى ('[he] sacrificed'), [mʊˈdær.rɪsæ] مُدَرِّسَة ('teacher [f.]'), [ræs.ˈsæːmæ] رَسَّامَة ('paintress'), [kæð.ˈðæːb] كَذَّاب ('liar [m.]')		A geminated consonant never belongs to one syllable and is often broken with a stress.

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^ ^a ^b May be aspirated, see arabic phonology

[:0-10] May be aspirated, see arabic phonology

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[i]

[1]

[j]

[k]

[l]