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Patient Health Questionnaire

Patient Health Questionnaire
SynonymsPHQ
LOINC69723-5

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used as a screening and diagnostic tool for mental health disorders of depression, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform disorders. It is the self-report version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a diagnostic tool developed in the mid-1990s by Pfizer Inc.[1] The length of the original assessment limited its feasibility; consequently, a shorter version, consisting of 11 multi-part questions - the Patient Health Questionnaire was developed and validated.[2]

In addition to the PHQ, a nine-item version to assess symptoms of depression, a seven-item version to assess symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7),[3] and a 15-item version to detect somatic symptoms (PHQ-15)[4] have been developed and validated. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and the PHQ-15 were combined to create the PHQ-somatic, anxiety, depressive symptoms (PHQ-SADS)[2] and includes questions regarding panic attacks (after the GAD-7 section). Though less commonly used, there are also brief versions of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 that may be useful as screening tools in some settings. In recent years, the PHQ-9 has been validated for use in adolescents,[5] and a version for adolescents was also developed and validated (PHQ-A).[6] Although these tests were originally designed as self-report inventories they can also be administered by trained health care practitioners.[7]

The PHQ is available in over 20 languages, available on the PHQ website. Both the original Patient Health Questionnaire and later variants are public domain resources; no fees or permissions are required for using or copying the measures.[8]: 3, 7–8  Additionally, the measures have been validated in a number of different populations internationally.[9][10][11]

  1. ^ Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. (10 November 1999). "Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study". JAMA. 282 (18): 1737–44. doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737. PMID 10568646.
  2. ^ a b Kroenke, Kurt; Spitzer, Robert L.; Williams, Janet B. W.; Löwe, Bernd (2010-07-01). "The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review". General Hospital Psychiatry. 32 (4): 345–359. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. ISSN 1873-7714. PMID 20633738. S2CID 34713999.
  3. ^ Kroenke, Kurt; Spitzer, Robert L; Williams, Janet B W (2017-05-31). "The PHQ-9". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16 (9): 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. ISSN 0884-8734. PMC 1495268. PMID 11556941.
  4. ^ Kroenke, Kurt; Spitzer, Robert L.; Williams, Janet B. W.; Löwe, Bernd (2010-07-01). "The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review". General Hospital Psychiatry. 32 (4): 345–359. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. ISSN 0163-8343. PMID 20633738. S2CID 34713999.
  5. ^ Allgaier, Antje-Kathrin; Pietsch, Kathrin; Frühe, Barbara; Sigl-Glöckner, Johanna; Schulte-Körne, Gerd (2012-10-01). "Screening for Depression in Adolescents: Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Pediatric Care". Depression and Anxiety. 29 (10): 906–913. doi:10.1002/da.21971. ISSN 1520-6394. PMID 22753313. S2CID 40022177.
  6. ^ Johnson, Jeffery; Harris; Spitzer; Williams (March 2002). "The patient health questionnaire for adolescents". Journal of Adolescent Health. 30 (3): 196–204. doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00333-0. PMID 11869927.
  7. ^ Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F, Crengle S, Gunn J, Kerse, Ngaire, Fishman T, Falloon K, Hatcher S (July 2010). "Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population". Annals of Family Medicine. 8 (4): 348–53. doi:10.1370/afm.1139. PMC 2906530. PMID 20644190.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference instructions was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Tsai, Fang-Ju; Huang, Yu-Hsin; Liu, Hui-Ching; Huang, Kuo-Yang; Huang, Yen-Hsun; Liu, Shen-Ing (2014-02-01). "Patient Health Questionnaire for School-Based Depression Screening Among Chinese Adolescents". Pediatrics. 133 (2): e402–e409. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0204. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 24446447. S2CID 7039662.
  10. ^ Chen, Teddy M.; Huang, Frederick Y.; Chang, Christine; Chung, Henry (2006-07-01). "Using the PHQ-9 for Depression Screening and Treatment Monitoring for Chinese Americans in Primary Care". Psychiatric Services. 57 (7): 976–981. doi:10.1176/ps.2006.57.7.976. ISSN 1075-2730. PMID 16816282.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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