Back Tok Pisin Afrikaans Tok Pisin ALS ቶክ ፒሲን Amharic टोक पिसिन ANP لغة توك بيسين Arabic لغه توك بيسين ARZ Tok pisin AST Ток-писин Bashkir Tok Pisin BCL Ток писин Bulgarian
 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used - notably tpi for Tok Pisin. (July 2021) |
| Tok Pisin | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [tok pisin][1] |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 130,000 (2004–2016)[2] L2 speakers: 4,000,000[2] |
English Creole
| |
| Latin script (Tok Pisin alphabet) Pidgin Braille | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Papua New Guinea |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | tpi |
| ISO 639-3 | tpi |
| Glottolog | tokp1240 |
| Linguasphere | 52-ABB-cc |
Tok Pisin (English: /tɒk ˈpɪsɪn/ TOK PISS-in,[3][4] /tɔːk, -zɪn/ tawk, -zin;[5] Tok Pisin [tok pisin][1]), often referred to by English speakers as New Guinea Pidgin or simply Pidgin, is a creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in the country. However, in parts of the southern provinces of Western, Gulf, Central, Oro, and Milne Bay, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history and is less universal, especially among older people.
Between five and six million people use Tok Pisin to some degree, although not all speak it fluently. Many now learn it as a first language, in particular the children of parents or grandparents who originally spoke different languages (for example, a mother from Madang and a father from Rabaul). Urban families in particular, and those of police and defence force members, often communicate among themselves in Tok Pisin, either never gaining fluency in a local language (tok ples) or learning a local language as a second (or third) language, after Tok Pisin (and possibly English). Over the decades, Tok Pisin has increasingly overtaken Hiri Motu as the dominant lingua franca among town-dwellers.[6] Perhaps one million people now use Tok Pisin as a primary language. Tok Pisin is slowly "crowding out" other languages of Papua New Guinea.[7][6]
- ^ a b Smith 2008.
- ^ a b Tok Pisin at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ "Tok Pisin | Definition of Tok Pisin in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
- ^ "Definition of Tok Pisin". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ a b Mühlhäusler, Dutton & Romaine 2003, pp. 1–5.
- ^ A.V. (24 July 2017). "Papua New Guinea's incredible linguistic diversity". The Economist. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
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