Banderite

A Banderite or Banderovite (Ukrainian: бандерівець, romanized: banderivets; Polish: Banderowiec; Russian: бандеровец, romanized: banderovets; Slovak: Banderovec) was a member of OUN-B, a faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.^[1] The term, used from late 1940 onward,^[2] derives from the name of Stepan Bandera (1909–1959), the ultranationalist^[3]^[4] leader of this faction of the OUN.^[5]^[6]^[7] Because of the brutality utilized by OUN-B members, the colloquial term Banderites quickly earned a negative connotation, particularly among Poles and Jews.^[2] By 1942, the expression was well-known and frequently used in western Ukraine to describe the Ukrainian Insurgent Army partisans, OUN-B members or any other Ukrainian perpetrators.^[2] The OUN-B had been engaged in various atrocities, including murder of civilians, most of whom were ethnic Poles, Jews and Romani people.^[8]^[9]

In propaganda the term has been used by Soviets after 1942 as a pejorative term for Ukrainians, especially western Ukrainians,^[10]^[11] or Ukrainian speakers;^[12] under Vladimir Putin-ruled Russia the term was used by state media as a pejorative for Euromaidan activists^[13] and Ukrainians who support sovereignty from Russia.^[10]

^ Cite error: The named reference Encycl40 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference GRoss12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Ukraine's revolution and the far right". BBC. 7 March 2014. Bandera was, according to a number of Western and Ukrainian historians, a fascist or an "integral nationalist", which is something very close. The two organisations he led - the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) - are said to have engaged in atrocities against Poles, Jews, Russians and other Ukrainians.
^ "Far-right Ukrainians mark anniversary of nationalist hero Stepan Bandera". euronews. 1 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ Rudling, Per A. (November 2011). "The OUN, the UPA, and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths". The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (2107). University of Pittsburgh. p. 3 (6 of 76 in PDF). ISSN 0889-275X.
^ Cooke, Philip; Shepherd, Ben (2014). Hitler's Europe Ablaze: Occupation, Resistance, and Rebellion during World War II. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 336. ISBN 978-1632201591.
^ Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz (2010). "Celebrating Fascism and War Criminality in Edmonton. The Political Myth and Cult of Stepan Bandera in Multicultural Canada" (PDF). Kakanien Revisited (12): 1–16. The OUN-B activists and the UPA partisans who committed these atrocities were known as banderites: Bandera's people. This term was not invented by Soviet propaganda but dates back to the split of the OUN in late 1940 and early 1941, distinguishing members of the OUN-B from members of the OUN-M faction
^ Lower, Wendy; Faulkner Rossi, Lauren (2017). Lessons and Legacies XII: New Directions in Holocaust Research and Education. Northwestern University Press. pp. 170–171, 174. ISBN 978-0810134508. The victims of the Holocaust had a difficult time identifying precisely who intended to murder them; the usual terminology was "Banderites," which indicated adherents of a particular political tendency, or "Bulbas," which indicated the insurgent force initiated by Taras Bulba-Borovets.^[p. 174]
^ Risch, William Jay (2011). The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv. Harvard University Press. pp. 55, 65, 69. ISBN 978-0674061262.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Fedor-JoSaPSPaS-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Portnov was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Yekelchyk-2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Encycl40-1] Cite error: The named reference Encycl40 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[GRoss12-2] Cite error: The named reference GRoss12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] "Ukraine's revolution and the far right". BBC. 7 March 2014. Bandera was, according to a number of Western and Ukrainian historians, a fascist or an "integral nationalist", which is something very close. The two organisations he led - the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) - are said to have engaged in atrocities against Poles, Jews, Russians and other Ukrainians.

[4] "Far-right Ukrainians mark anniversary of nationalist hero Stepan Bandera". euronews. 1 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

[Rudling3-5] Rudling, Per A. (November 2011). "The OUN, the UPA, and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths". The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (2107). University of Pittsburgh. p. 3 (6 of 76 in PDF). ISSN 0889-275X.

[Cooke-6] Cooke, Philip; Shepherd, Ben (2014). Hitler's Europe Ablaze: Occupation, Resistance, and Rebellion during World War II. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 336. ISBN 978-1632201591.

[7] Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz (2010). "Celebrating Fascism and War Criminality in Edmonton. The Political Myth and Cult of Stepan Bandera in Multicultural Canada" (PDF). Kakanien Revisited (12): 1–16. The OUN-B activists and the UPA partisans who committed these atrocities were known as banderites: Bandera's people. This term was not invented by Soviet propaganda but dates back to the split of the OUN in late 1940 and early 1941, distinguishing members of the OUN-B from members of the OUN-M faction

[Lower-8] Lower, Wendy; Faulkner Rossi, Lauren (2017). Lessons and Legacies XII: New Directions in Holocaust Research and Education. Northwestern University Press. pp. 170–171, 174. ISBN 978-0810134508. The victims of the Holocaust had a difficult time identifying precisely who intended to murder them; the usual terminology was "Banderites," which indicated adherents of a particular political tendency, or "Bulbas," which indicated the insurgent force initiated by Taras Bulba-Borovets.^[p. 174]

[Risch-9] Risch, William Jay (2011). The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv. Harvard University Press. pp. 55, 65, 69. ISBN 978-0674061262.

[:0-10] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Fedor-JoSaPSPaS-2015-11] Cite error: The named reference Fedor-JoSaPSPaS-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Portnov-12] Cite error: The named reference Portnov was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Yekelchyk-2020-13] Cite error: The named reference Yekelchyk-2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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