Cannabinoid

Cannabinoids (/kəˈnæbənɔɪdzˌ ˈkænəbənɔɪdz/) are several structural classes of compounds found in the cannabis plant primarily and most animal organisms (although insects lack such receptors) or as synthetic compounds.^[1]^[2] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (delta-9-THC), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis.^[3]^[4] Cannabidiol (CBD) is also a major constituent of temperate cannabis plants and a minor constituent in tropical varieties.^[5] At least 113 distinct phytocannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis, although only four (i.e., THCA, CBDA, CBCA and their common precursor CBGA) have been demonstrated to have a biogenetic origin.^[6] It was reported in 2020 that phytocannabinoids can be found in other plants such as rhododendron, licorice and liverwort,^[7] and earlier in Echinacea.

Phytocannabinoids are multi-ring phenolic compounds structurally related to THC,^[8] but endocannabinoids are fatty acid derivatives. Nonclassical synthetic cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) include aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulfonamides as well as eicosanoids related to endocannabinoids.^[3]

^ Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, et al. (September 2021). "A Proteomic View of Cellular and Molecular Effects of Cannabis". Biomolecules. 11 (10): 1411–1428. doi:10.3390/biom11101411. PMC 8533448. PMID 34680044.
^ "Marijuana, also called: Cannabis, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Pot, Weed". Medline Plus. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
^ ^a ^b Lambert DM, Fowler CJ (August 2005). "The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 48 (16): 5059–5087. doi:10.1021/jm058183t. PMID 16078824.
^ Pertwee R, ed. (2005). Cannabinoids. Springer-Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-540-22565-2.
^ "Bulletin on Narcotics – 1962 Issue 3 – 004". UNODC (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime). 1 January 1962. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
^ Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Soydaner U, Öztürk E, Schibano D, Simsir Y, Navarro P, et al. (February 2016). "Evolution of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Content during the Growth of Cannabis sativa Plants from Different Chemotypes". Journal of Natural Products. 79 (2): 324–331. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00949. PMID 26836472. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
^ Gülck T, Møller BL (October 2020). "Phytocannabinoids: Origins and Biosynthesis". Trends in Plant Science. 25 (10): 985–1004. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.005. PMID 32646718. S2CID 220465067.
^ Pate, DW (1999). Anandamide structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action on intraocular pressure in the normotensive rabbit model. Kuopio University Publications A. Pharmaceutical Sciences Dissertation 37, ISBN 951-781-575-1

[1] Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, et al. (September 2021). "A Proteomic View of Cellular and Molecular Effects of Cannabis". Biomolecules. 11 (10): 1411–1428. doi:10.3390/biom11101411. PMC 8533448. PMID 34680044.

[2] "Marijuana, also called: Cannabis, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Pot, Weed". Medline Plus. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2020.

[lambert-3] Lambert DM, Fowler CJ (August 2005). "The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 48 (16): 5059–5087. doi:10.1021/jm058183t. PMID 16078824.

[4] Pertwee R, ed. (2005). Cannabinoids. Springer-Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-540-22565-2.

[5] "Bulletin on Narcotics – 1962 Issue 3 – 004". UNODC (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime). 1 January 1962. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2014.

[:0-6] Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Soydaner U, Öztürk E, Schibano D, Simsir Y, Navarro P, et al. (February 2016). "Evolution of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Content during the Growth of Cannabis sativa Plants from Different Chemotypes". Journal of Natural Products. 79 (2): 324–331. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00949. PMID 26836472. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

[7] Gülck T, Møller BL (October 2020). "Phytocannabinoids: Origins and Biosynthesis". Trends in Plant Science. 25 (10): 985–1004. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.005. PMID 32646718. S2CID 220465067.

[8] Pate, DW (1999). Anandamide structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action on intraocular pressure in the normotensive rabbit model. Kuopio University Publications A. Pharmaceutical Sciences Dissertation 37, ISBN 951-781-575-1

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