The amphetamine molecule exists as two enantiomers,[note 1]levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory, or 'right-handed', enantiomer and exhibits more pronounced effects on the central nervous system than levoamphetamine. Pharmaceutical dextroamphetamine sulfate is available as both a brand name and generic drug in a variety of dosage forms. Dextroamphetamine is sometimes prescribed as the inactive prodruglisdexamfetamine dimesylate, which is converted into dextroamphetamine after absorption.
^ abKociancic T, Reed MD, Findling RL (March 2004). "Evaluation of risks associated with short- and long-term psychostimulant therapy for treatment of ADHD in children". Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 3 (2): 93–100. doi:10.1517/14740338.3.2.93. eISSN1744-764X. PMID15006715. S2CID31114829.
^ abcMillichap JG (2010). "Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD". In Millichap JG (ed.). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Springer. p. 112. ISBN978-1-4419-1396-8. Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ... Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h] Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ... Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
^Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL (September 2008). "Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Postgrad. Med. 120 (3): 69–88. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. PMID18824827. S2CID31791162. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose
^ abCite error: The named reference FDA Pharmacokinetics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (2013). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 648. ISBN978-1-60913-345-0. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.
^Cite error: The named reference FMO was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Amph Uses was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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