Star Chamber

The Star Chamber (Latin: Camera stellata) was an English court that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster, from the late 15th century to the mid-17th century (c. 1641), and was composed of Privy Counsellors and common-law judges, to supplement the judicial activities of the common-law and equity courts in civil and criminal matters. It was originally established to ensure the fair enforcement of laws against socially and politically prominent people sufficiently powerful that ordinary courts might hesitate to convict them of their crimes. It was mainly a court of appeal and could impose any penalty, except the death penalty, in its own right.^{[1]: 262–263} At various times it had sub-courts for particular areas, notably for appeals of 'poor man's causes'.^[2]: 492

The Chamber building itself was also sometimes used for other councils, courts and committee meetings, which may cause confusion as to the role of the court of the Star Chamber.^[3]: 520

In modern times, legal or administrative bodies with strict, arbitrary rulings, no "due process" rights to those accused, and secretive proceedings are sometimes metaphorically called "star chambers".^[a] However, the arbitrariness is considered mythological by at least one academic.^[5]

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