Biorritmo

Los biorritmos constituyen un intento de predecir aspectos diversos de la vida de un individuo recurriendo a ciclos matemáticos sencillos. La mayoría de los investigadores estima que esta idea no tendría más poder predictivo que el que podría atribuirse al propio azar,^[1] considerándola un caso claro de pseudociencia.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

↑ «Effects of circadian rhythm phase alteration on physiological and psychological variables: Implications to pilot performance (including a partially annotated bibliography)». NASA-TM-81277. NASA. 1 de marzo de 1981. Consultado el 25 de mayo de 2011. "No evidence exists to support the concept of biorhythms; in fact, scientific data refute their existence."
↑ Carroll, Robert Todd. «Biorhythms». Skeptic's Dictionary. Consultado el 21 de febrero de 2008. "The theory of biorhythms is a pseudoscientific theory that claims our daily lives are significantly affected by rhythmic cycles overlooked by scientists who study biological rhythms."
↑ Clark Glymour, Douglas Stalker (1990). «Winning through pseudoscience». En Patrick Grim, ed. ? Philosophy of science and the occult. SUNY series in philosophy (2, revised edición). SUNY Press. pp. 92, 94. ISBN 9780791402047. «They'll cheerfully empty their pockets to anyone with a twinkle in their eye and a pseudoscience in their pocket. Astrology, biorhythms, ESP, numerology, astral projection, scientology, UFOlogy, pyramid power, psychic surgeons, Atlantis real state (...). (...) your pseudoscience will have better sales potential if it makes use of a misterious device, or a lot of calculations (but simple calculations) (...) The great models [of this sales potential] are astrology and biorhythms (...)». .
↑ Raimo Toumela (1987). «Science, Protoscience and Pseudoscience». En Joseph C. Pitt, Marcello Pera, ed. Rational changes in science: essays on scientific reasoning. Boston studies in the philosophy of science 98 (illustrated edición). Springer. pp. 94, 96. ISBN 9789027724175. «If we take such pseudosciences as astrology, the theory of biorhythms, suitable parts of parapsychology, homeopathy and faith healing (...) Such examples of pseudoscience as the theory of biorhythms, astrology, dianetics, creationism, faith healing may seem too obvious examples of pseudoscience for academic readers.»
↑ Stefan Ploch (2003). «Metatheoretical problems in phonology with Occam's Razor and non-ad-hoc-ness». En Jonathan Kaye, Stefan Ploch, ed. Living on the edge: 28 papers in honour of Jonathan Kaye. Studies in generative grammar. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 166, 174-176, 186, footnotes 15 and 17 in page 199. ISBN 9783110176193. «the following quote about the pseudoscientific biorhythm theory [p. 174–175] (...) we can eliminate ad hoc hypotheses (i.e. arbitrariness) that are the hallmark of all pseudosciences (astrology, biorhythm theory, (...) [p. 176] Unfortunately, in the case of the most socially successful [not scientific] theories, just as in the case of astrology and biorhythm "theory", we are dealing with something that resembles quackery closely. [p.186] (...) what matters is that falsifying data is systematically discounted in this pseudotheory. [p. 199]». .

[NASA-1] «Effects of circadian rhythm phase alteration on physiological and psychological variables: Implications to pilot performance (including a partially annotated bibliography)». NASA-TM-81277. NASA. 1 de marzo de 1981. Consultado el 25 de mayo de 2011. "No evidence exists to support the concept of biorhythms; in fact, scientific data refute their existence."

[SkepDic-2] Carroll, Robert Todd. «Biorhythms». Skeptic's Dictionary. Consultado el 21 de febrero de 2008. "The theory of biorhythms is a pseudoscientific theory that claims our daily lives are significantly affected by rhythmic cycles overlooked by scientists who study biological rhythms."

[3] Clark Glymour, Douglas Stalker (1990). «Winning through pseudoscience». En Patrick Grim, ed. ? Philosophy of science and the occult. SUNY series in philosophy (2, revised edición). SUNY Press. pp. 92, 94. ISBN 9780791402047. «They'll cheerfully empty their pockets to anyone with a twinkle in their eye and a pseudoscience in their pocket. Astrology, biorhythms, ESP, numerology, astral projection, scientology, UFOlogy, pyramid power, psychic surgeons, Atlantis real state (...). (...) your pseudoscience will have better sales potential if it makes use of a misterious device, or a lot of calculations (but simple calculations) (...) The great models [of this sales potential] are astrology and biorhythms (...)». .

[4] Raimo Toumela (1987). «Science, Protoscience and Pseudoscience». En Joseph C. Pitt, Marcello Pera, ed. Rational changes in science: essays on scientific reasoning. Boston studies in the philosophy of science 98 (illustrated edición). Springer. pp. 94, 96. ISBN 9789027724175. «If we take such pseudosciences as astrology, the theory of biorhythms, suitable parts of parapsychology, homeopathy and faith healing (...) Such examples of pseudoscience as the theory of biorhythms, astrology, dianetics, creationism, faith healing may seem too obvious examples of pseudoscience for academic readers.»

[ploch-5] Stefan Ploch (2003). «Metatheoretical problems in phonology with Occam's Razor and non-ad-hoc-ness». En Jonathan Kaye, Stefan Ploch, ed. Living on the edge: 28 papers in honour of Jonathan Kaye. Studies in generative grammar. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 166, 174-176, 186, footnotes 15 and 17 in page 199. ISBN 9783110176193. «the following quote about the pseudoscientific biorhythm theory [p. 174–175] (...) we can eliminate ad hoc hypotheses (i.e. arbitrariness) that are the hallmark of all pseudosciences (astrology, biorhythm theory, (...) [p. 176] Unfortunately, in the case of the most socially successful [not scientific] theories, just as in the case of astrology and biorhythm "theory", we are dealing with something that resembles quackery closely. [p.186] (...) what matters is that falsifying data is systematically discounted in this pseudotheory. [p. 199]». .

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