Latinx

Latinx(意為拉丁裔)是一個源自美國的新創詞語,多數用於指性別中立且具有拉丁美洲文化及血統的人。

拉丁美洲大部分使用西班牙語,而西班牙語的人稱強制區分性別。傳統上用Latino表示男性拉丁裔,Latina表示女性拉丁裔,但是西班牙語中並沒有不區分性別的詞彙表示單純的拉丁裔

而Latinx則是一個新創詞語,它用〈-x〉後綴取代Latino/Latina(拉丁裔)的〈-o/-a〉字尾,這是西班牙語中典型的語法性別,而〈-x〉則被視為性別中性

該術語於2004年左右首次在網上出現,後來它主要被倡導非二元性別的社運家及學術界使用,在美國的社交媒體中廣泛流傳。然而,在多次對拉丁裔美國人的調查發現,大多數人並不喜歡這個詞彙,並且只有2%的拉丁裔美國人使用該詞,其他人更偏好傳統的西班牙裔(Hispanic) 和拉丁裔(Latina/Latino)。[1][2][3]

該詞彙的支持者認為,透過性別中立詞彙從而包容所有性別,促進了大眾對非二元拉丁裔的更大的接受程度。[4][5]批評者則指,這個詞不遵循傳統語法、發音困難、並且不尊重西班牙語的傳統文化及忽視拉丁裔的真正想法,將這行為視為美國的語言帝國主義文化帝國主義[6][7]

  1. ^ McGirt, Ellen. What's the Deal With 'Latinx'?. Fortune. November 5, 2019 [2022-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-25). Mario Carrasco, the co-founder and principal of ThinkNow Research says, [...] 'Despite its usage by academics and cultural influencers, 98% of Latinos prefer other terms to describe their ethnicity. Only 2% of our respondents said the label accurately describes them, making it the least popular ethnic label among Latinos'. 
  2. ^ Noe-Bustamante, Luis; Mora, Lauren; Lopez, Mark Hugo. About One-in-Four U.S. Hispanics Have Heard of Latinx, but Just 3% Use It. Hispanic Trends. Pew Research Center. 11 August 2020 [21 August 2020]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-13). However, for the population it is meant to describe, only 23% of U.S. adults who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino have heard of the term Latinx, and just 3% say they use it to describe themselves, according to a nationally representative, bilingual survey of U.S. Hispanic adults conducted in December 2019 by Pew Research Center. 
  3. ^ Hernandez, Daniel. Pew poll finds most Latinos haven't heard of 'Latinx.' Only 3% use the term. Los Angeles Times. 2020-08-11 [27 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-25). 
  4. ^ Reyes, Raul A. To be Latinx or not to be Latinx? For some Hispanics that is the question. NBC News. November 6, 2017 [2020-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-25). 
  5. ^ Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey. The Cross-Lingual Interse(x)tionality of 'Latinx'. The Chronicle of Higher Education. May 1, 2018. (原始内容存档于August 21, 2019).  Also available at Academia.edu页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  6. ^ Network, The Learning. For Most Latinos, Latinx Does Not Mark the Spot. The New York Times. 2021-06-15 [2022-01-26]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2022-04-07) (美国英语). 語言會隨著時間而變化,但這種變化必須是自然的。來自外部的強制變革是語言帝國主義的一種形式,它以英語為中心,永久擦除西班牙語文化。從本質上講,這是一個語言自決的問題。 拉丁裔不需要政客和公司來「修復」我們的語言,我們會按照自己的方式來面對自己族群的問題。 
  7. ^ ‘Latinx’ dropped from LULAC official usage, deemed ‘very unliked’ by Latinos. BorderReport. 2021-12-22 [2022-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-26) (美国英语). 這是一種明目張膽的語言帝國主義,它強行把美國的概念強加於一種語言,而且在語法或口頭使用方式上都不符合常理。 

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