Moscow

Moscow Mосква (Russian)
—  Federal city  —
Clockwise, from top right: Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin; MIBC; Red Square, Saint Basil's Cathedral; Bolshoi Theatre; Moscow State University; and Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "My Moscow"
Coordinates: 55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E / 55.750; 37.617
Political status
Country	Russia
Federal district	Central[1]
Economic region	Central[2]
Established	1147[3]
Federal city Day	The second weekend of September[4]
Government (as of July 2014)
• Mayor[5]	Sergey Sobyanin[5]
• Legislature	City Duma[6]
Statistics
Area [7]
• Total	2,511 km2 (970 sq mi)
Area rank	83rd
Time zone(s)	MSK (UTC+04:00)
ISO 3166-2	RU-MOW
License plates	77, 177, 777; 97, 197, 797; 99, 199, 799
Official languages	Russian[8]
Official website

Moscow (/ˈmɒskoʊ/ MOS-koh, US chiefly /ˈmɒskaʊ/ MOS-kow;^[9][10] Russian: Москва, tr. Moskva, IPA: [mɐskˈva] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city is on the Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population of around 13 million people in the city limits,^[11] over 17 million people in the urban area,^[12] and over 20 million people in the metropolitan area.^[13] The city has an area of 2,511 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Moscow's urban area has an area of 5,891 square kilometers (2,275 sq mi).^[12] Moscow's metropolitan area has an area of over 26,000 square kilometers (10,000 sq mi).^[13] Moscow is one of the world's largest cities. It is the most populous city that is only in Europe. It is also the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe^[12][13] and the largest city by land area on the European continent.^[14]

It was first wrote about in 1147. Moscow grew to become a powerful city that was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Moscow stayed the political and economic center of the country when the Tsardom of Russia was made. When the Tsardom turned into the Russian Empire, the capital was moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg which lowered the influence of the city. The capital was moved back to Moscow after the October Revolution. This brought the city back as the political center of the Russian SFSR and then the Soviet Union.^[15] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Moscow stayed the capital city of the new Russian Federation.

Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity in the world. It has a history that goes through eight centuries. Moscow is a federal city of Russia since 1993^[16] that is the political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe. Moscow has one of the world's largest urban economies as an alpha world city.^[17][18] The city is one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations in the world,^[19] and it is one of Europe's most visited cities. Moscow is home to the seventh-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.^[20] The Moscow International Business Center is one of the largest financial centers in Europe and the world. Moscow has most of Europe's tallest skyscrapers. Moscow was the host city of the 1980 Summer Olympics, and one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.^[21]

Moscow is the home of many Russian artists, scientists, and sportspeople. The city also has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Moscow is well known for its Russian architecture. This includes its historic Red Square, and buildings such as the Saint Basil's Cathedral and the Moscow Kremlin. The Moscow Kremlin is the seat of power of the Government of Russia. Moscow is home to many Russian companies in different industries. It has a large transit network, which includes four international airports, ten railway terminals, a tram system, a monorail system, and the Moscow Metro. The Moscow Metro is the busiest metro system in Europe. It is one of the largest rapid transit systems in the world. The city has over 40 percent of its land covered by greenery. This makes it one of the greenest cities in Europe and the world.^[14][22]

A person from Moscow is called a "москвич" (moskvich) for male or "москвичка" (moskvichka) for female. In English, people from Moscow are called Muscovites.

1. ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
2. ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
3. ↑ Comins-Richmond, Walter. "The History of Moscow". Occidental College. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
4. ↑ "Holidays and significant dates of Moscow". Moscow City Government. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} "The Moscow City Mayor". Government of Moscow. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
6. ↑ "The Moscow Statute". Moscow City Duma. Moscow City Government. June 28, 1995. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2010. The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Moscow is the Moscow City Duma.
7. ↑ "О совместных предложениях Правительства Москвы и Правительства Московской области по изменению границ столицы Российской Федерации – города Москвы". Mos.ru. October 25, 2010. Archived from the original on August 3, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
8. ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
9. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
10. ↑ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
11. ↑ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2} "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1 13.2} Akishin, Alexander (August 17, 2017). "A 3-Hour Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis". Strelka Mag. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1} "Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation". Planète Énergies. September 11, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
15. ↑ 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union - Section VIII, Article 172: "The Capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is the city of Moscow."
16. ↑ "A glimpse into history". mos.ru. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
17. ↑ According to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network
18. ↑ Brade, Isolde; Rudolph, Robert (2004). "Moscow, the Global City? The Position of the Russian Capital within the European System of Metropolitan Areas". Area. 36 (1). Wiley: 69–80. doi:10.1111/j.0004-0894.2004.00306.x. JSTOR 20004359.
19. ↑ According to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index.
20. ↑ McEvoy, Jemima. "Where The Richest Live: The Cities With The Most Billionaires 2022". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
21. ↑ "FIFA World Cup kicks off in Russia". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
22. ↑ "Moscow parks". Bridge To Moscow. Retrieved May 27, 2020.