Retablu

Retablu ayacuchano, una forma d'arte popular.

El retablu ye la estructura arquiteutónica, pictórica y escultórica que s'asitia detrás del altar nes ilesies católiques de ritu llatín, nes ilesies orientales (en comunión con Roma o non) nun hai una función asemeyada, dada la presencia del iconostasiu, y nes protestantes suel optase por una gran amenorgamientu de la decoración). La pallabra provién de la espresión llatina retro tabula ("tres l'altar").^[2] Pa designar el mesmu términu emplégase tamién la espresión "pieza d'altar" (más propia de la llingua inglesa –altarpiece–, onde s'estrema retable de reredos)^[3] o la italiana pala d'altare (o ancóna).^[4]

↑ Templu de Santa Rosa de Lima en Morelia.
↑ Según el DRAE: Del b. lat. retaulus, y esti del lat. retro, detrás, y tabŭla, tabla. Les fontes discrepen sobre la identificación de tal "tabla" coles del propiu retablu o cola mesa del altar: The Spanish word retablu was derived from the Latin term retro tabula for "behind the altar" (retro for back and tabula for board, tablet; the Latin tabulum means table) (Art and Faith in Mexico: The Nineteenth Century Retablu Tradition). From the low Latin retaulus (retro-tabula), something "behind the table" or altar. (The Art and Architecture of the Texas Missions - Páxina 218). Deriva del llatín vulgar, retaulus (Llatín: retro tabula, lliteralmente, detrás de la mesa) (Los retablos del sieglu XVIII nel sur d'España, Portugal y Méxicu - Páxina 15). ...ponse esti tableru tras del altar, d'ende'l so nome: retro tábula (Manual d'arte cristiano... - Páxina 317)
↑
En llingua inglesa establezse una diferencia ente dos tipología de altarpieces, la denominada reredos y la denominada retable. Nicolas Pioch, Webmuseum, 14 Oct 2002: Altarpieces estrema into two main types: the reredos, which rises from ground level behind the altar, and the retable, which stands either on the back of the altar itself or on a pedestal behind it. Many altars have both.
- La etimoloxía de "reredos" provién del anglo-normandu o del francés antiguu areredos, y este de arere (detrás -del llatín ad retro-) y dos (llombu -del llatín dorsum-). Dictionary of the English Language, 2000, Houghton Mifflin Company; Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1991 (The free dictionary).
- The foreign "retable" is, therefore, what should in English be called a "reredos" (q.v.), though that is not in modern usage a movable feature. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911* REREDOS (Anglu-Fr. areredos, from arere, behind, and dos, back), an ornamental screen of stone or wood built up, or forming a facing to the wall behind an altar in a church. Reredoses are frequently decorated with representations of the Passion, niches containing statues of saints, and the like. In England these were for the most part destroyed at the Reformation or by the Puritans later; a few medieval examples, however, survive, e.g. at Christchurch, Hants. In some large cathedrals e.g. Winchester, Durham, St Albans, the reredos is a mass of splendid tabernacle work, reaching nearly to the groining. In small churches the reredos is usually replaced by a hanging or parament behind the altar, known as a dossal or dorsal. (See also Altar.) For the legality of images on reredoses in the Church of England, see Image. The use of the word reredos for the iron or brick back of an open fire-place is all but obsolete.
↑
- Giovanni Gheradini Voci y maniere di dire italiane additate a'futuri vocabolaristi, Bianchi y comp., 1838, vol. 1, pg. 646: ANCÓNA. Sust. f. Tavola dipinta, quadro... deriva dil greco Eicon... [esto ye, de εἰκών -eikon, imaxe, iconu-]... Alberti, il qual diz qui per "Ancona" si intende "Tavola o Quadro grande di altare". Ma, oltreche gli artisti in tal signif. speciale usano la voce "Pala"...
- Architettura, 1963, pg. 117: ... al gotico, che adotta quindi la Pala o Ancóna, sotto la partitura del trittico y più frequentemente del polittico.

[1] Templu de Santa Rosa de Lima en Morelia.

[2] Según el DRAE: Del b. lat. retaulus, y esti del lat. retro, detrás, y tabŭla, tabla. Les fontes discrepen sobre la identificación de tal "tabla" coles del propiu retablu o cola mesa del altar: The Spanish word retablu was derived from the Latin term retro tabula for "behind the altar" (retro for back and tabula for board, tablet; the Latin tabulum means table) (Art and Faith in Mexico: The Nineteenth Century Retablu Tradition). From the low Latin retaulus (retro-tabula), something "behind the table" or altar. (The Art and Architecture of the Texas Missions - Páxina 218). Deriva del llatín vulgar, retaulus (Llatín: retro tabula, lliteralmente, detrás de la mesa) (Los retablos del sieglu XVIII nel sur d'España, Portugal y Méxicu - Páxina 15). ...ponse esti tableru tras del altar, d'ende'l so nome: retro tábula (Manual d'arte cristiano... - Páxina 317)

[3] En llingua inglesa establezse una diferencia ente dos tipología de altarpieces, la denominada reredos y la denominada retable. Nicolas Pioch, Webmuseum, 14 Oct 2002: Altarpieces estrema into two main types: the reredos, which rises from ground level behind the altar, and the retable, which stands either on the back of the altar itself or on a pedestal behind it. Many altars have both.
La etimoloxía de "reredos" provién del anglo-normandu o del francés antiguu areredos, y este de arere (detrás -del llatín ad retro-) y dos (llombu -del llatín dorsum-). Dictionary of the English Language, 2000, Houghton Mifflin Company; Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1991 (The free dictionary).

The foreign "retable" is, therefore, what should in English be called a "reredos" (q.v.), though that is not in modern usage a movable feature. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911* REREDOS (Anglu-Fr. areredos, from arere, behind, and dos, back), an ornamental screen of stone or wood built up, or forming a facing to the wall behind an altar in a church. Reredoses are frequently decorated with representations of the Passion, niches containing statues of saints, and the like. In England these were for the most part destroyed at the Reformation or by the Puritans later; a few medieval examples, however, survive, e.g. at Christchurch, Hants. In some large cathedrals e.g. Winchester, Durham, St Albans, the reredos is a mass of splendid tabernacle work, reaching nearly to the groining. In small churches the reredos is usually replaced by a hanging or parament behind the altar, known as a dossal or dorsal. (See also Altar.) For the legality of images on reredoses in the Church of England, see Image. The use of the word reredos for the iron or brick back of an open fire-place is all but obsolete.

[4] La etimoloxía de "reredos" provién del anglo-normandu o del francés antiguu areredos, y este de arere (detrás -del llatín ad retro-) y dos (llombu -del llatín dorsum-). Dictionary of the English Language, 2000, Houghton Mifflin Company; Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1991 (The free dictionary).

[5] The foreign "retable" is, therefore, what should in English be called a "reredos" (q.v.), though that is not in modern usage a movable feature. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911* REREDOS (Anglu-Fr. areredos, from arere, behind, and dos, back), an ornamental screen of stone or wood built up, or forming a facing to the wall behind an altar in a church. Reredoses are frequently decorated with representations of the Passion, niches containing statues of saints, and the like. In England these were for the most part destroyed at the Reformation or by the Puritans later; a few medieval examples, however, survive, e.g. at Christchurch, Hants. In some large cathedrals e.g. Winchester, Durham, St Albans, the reredos is a mass of splendid tabernacle work, reaching nearly to the groining. In small churches the reredos is usually replaced by a hanging or parament behind the altar, known as a dossal or dorsal. (See also Altar.) For the legality of images on reredoses in the Church of England, see Image. The use of the word reredos for the iron or brick back of an open fire-place is all but obsolete.

[4] 
Giovanni Gheradini Voci y maniere di dire italiane additate a'futuri vocabolaristi, Bianchi y comp., 1838, vol. 1, pg. 646: ANCÓNA. Sust. f. Tavola dipinta, quadro... deriva dil greco Eicon... [esto ye, de εἰκών -eikon, imaxe, iconu-]... Alberti, il qual diz qui per "Ancona" si intende "Tavola o Quadro grande di altare". Ma, oltreche gli artisti in tal signif. speciale usano la voce "Pala"...

Architettura, 1963, pg. 117: ... al gotico, che adotta quindi la Pala o Ancóna, sotto la partitura del trittico y più frequentemente del polittico.

[7] Giovanni Gheradini Voci y maniere di dire italiane additate a'futuri vocabolaristi, Bianchi y comp., 1838, vol. 1, pg. 646: ANCÓNA. Sust. f. Tavola dipinta, quadro... deriva dil greco Eicon... [esto ye, de εἰκών -eikon, imaxe, iconu-]... Alberti, il qual diz qui per "Ancona" si intende "Tavola o Quadro grande di altare". Ma, oltreche gli artisti in tal signif. speciale usano la voce "Pala"...

[8] Architettura, 1963, pg. 117: ... al gotico, che adotta quindi la Pala o Ancóna, sotto la partitura del trittico y più frequentemente del polittico.

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