Panama

Republika nin Panama República de Panamá  (Spanish)
Bandera Coat of arms
Motto: Pro Mundi Beneficio (Latin) "For the Benefit of the World"
Kanta: Himno Istmeño  (Spanish) "Hymn of the Isthmus"
Location in the Western Hemisphere Panama and its neighbors
Kapitolyo and Pinakadakulang Syudad	Panama City 8°58′N 79°32′W / 8.967°N 79.533°W / 8.967; -79.533
Opisyal na  mga tataramon	Espanyol
Minimidbid Panrehiyon na mga tataramon	Guaymí Buglere Emberá Wounaan Kuna Teribe Bribri
Mga etnikong grupo (2020)	65.0% Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous) 12.3% Indigenous 9.2% Black 6.8% Mulatto (mixed White and Black) 6.7% White
Relihiyon (2020)	91.5% Christianity 63.2% Catholicism 25.0% Protestantism 3.3% other Christian 7.6% no religion 0.9% other
Demonym	Panamanian
Gobyerno	Unitary presidential republic
• Presidente	José Raúl Mulino
• Bise Presidente	Vacant
Lehistratura	Asamblea Nasyonal
Independence
• haleng [Imperyong Espanyol]]	Nobyembre 28, 1821
• kasaro' an Gran Colombia	Desyembre 1821
• haleng Republika nin Colombia	Nobyembre 3, 1903
• Current constitution	Oktobre 11, 1972
Area
• Total	75,417 km2 (29,119 sq mi)[1][2] (116th)
• Tubig (%)	2.9
Populasyon
• 2022 tantya	4,337,768[3] (ika-127)
• Densidad	56/km2 (145.0/sq mi) (ika-122)
GDP (PPP)	2025 tantya
• Kabuuhan	$195.279 billion[4]
• Per capita	$42,772[4]
GDP (nominal)	2025 tantya
• Kabuuhan	$91.731 billion[4]
• Per capita	$20,092[4]
Gini (2023)	48.9[5] high
HDI (2022)	0.820[6] very high · ika-57
Currency	Balboa (PAB) United States dollar (USD)
Sona nin Oras	EST (UTC−5)
Porma nin petsa	mm/dd/yyyy dd/mm/yyyy
Nagmamaneho sa	too
Kodang pan-apod	+507
ISO 3166 code	PA
Internet TLD	.pa

An Panama,^{[lower-alpha 1]} opisyalmente inaapod na Republika nin Panama,^{[lower-alpha 2]} sarong nasyon kadolon an Costa Rica sa solnopan, Colombia sa habagatan-subangan, an Caribbean Sea sa amnayan, asin an Dagat Pasipiko sa habagatan. An kabesera asin pinakadakulang siyudad kaini iyo an Siyudad nin Panama, na an lugar metropolitan ineerokan na gayo nin haros kabanga kan populasyon kan nasyon na 4 na milyon habitante.^[9]

Bago nagdatong an mga magkokolonyang Espanyol kan ika-16 na siglo, an Panama binabanwan nin iba-ibang mga katutubong tribu. Ini naglitik sa Espanya kan 1821 asin nagsaro sa Republika nin Gran Colombia, kaburonyogan kan Nueva Granada, Ecuador, asin Venezuela. Kan an Gran Colombia matu8naw kan 1831, an Panama asin Nueva Granada iyo na an nagin Republika nin Colombia. Sa pagsusuporta kan Estados Unidos, an Panama naglitik sa Colombia kan 1903, na gibo kaini nagin posible an paghaman kan Panama Canal kan United States Army Corps of Engineers ultan nin 1904 asin 1914. An 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties pigkauyonan na ilito an kanal haleng Estados Unidos pasiring Panama kan Desyembre 31, 1999.^[10] An mga palibot na teritoryo ibinalik enot kan 1979.^[11]

An ingreso sa kanal bunga kan taripa padagos na dakulang parte kan GDP, especially kan Panama orog na an Panama Canal expansion project (natapos 2016) ta nadoble an kapasidad kaini. An komersyo, pagbabanko, asin turismo mayor na mga sektor na gayo sa ekonomiya. An Panama jhinihiling na igwang high-income economy.^[12] In 2019, Panama ranked 57th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index.^[13] In 2018, Panama was ranked the seventh-most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index.^[14] Panama was ranked 82nd in the Global Innovation Index in 2024.^[15] Covering around 40 percent of its land area, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals – some of them found nowhere else on earth.^[16]

An Panama saro sa kagtugdas na kaapil kan United Nations asin iba pang mga organisasyon internaysyonal arog kan Organization of American States, Latin America Integration Association, Group of 77, World Health Organization, asin Non-Aligned Movement.

1. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2017.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
2. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2021.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
3. ↑ Plantilya:Cite CIA World Factbook
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Panama)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025. 
5. ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". The World Factbook. Retrieved September 24, 2024. 
6. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (in English). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
7. ↑ "Panama". CIA World Factbook. February 4, 2022. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
8. ↑ "Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, Panama 2015". Ministerio Público de la República de Panamá. December 2016. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190218081846/http://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/multimedia/2017/09/Encuesta-de-Hogares-2015-16-viii-17-publicaci%C3%B3n-digital.pdf. Retrieved on February 17, 2019. 
9. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017. 
10. ↑ "Panama". CIA – The World Factbook. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2010.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
11. ↑ Department of State, United States of America (1987) [Signed at Washington on September 7, 1977. Entered into force October 1, 1979.]. "Panama Canal Treaty". United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. 33. United States Department of State. p. 55. 33 UST 39; TIAS 10030. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved September 13, 2020. Upon entry into force of this Treaty, the United States Government agencies known as the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government shall cease to operate within the territory of the Republic of Panama that formerly constituted the Canal Zone.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
12. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
13. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. December 15, 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
14. ↑ "Competitiveness Rankings". The Global Competitiveness Report 2018 (in English). Retrieved March 18, 2019. 
15. ↑ World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship (PDF). www.wipo.int. Geneva. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 2024-10-01. 
16. ↑ "Country profile: Panama". BBC News. June 30, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1229332.stm. 

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