Srpski jezik

Srpski jezik
Srpski jezik ;
Regije govorenja	Jugoistočna Evropa, Balkan
Države govorenja	Srbija,; Bosna i Hercegovina,; Crna Gora,; Kosovo,; Grčka (Sveta gora);
Jezička porodica	Indoevropski jezici Baltoslavenski jezici Slavenski jezici Južnoslavenski jezici Srpskohrvatski jezik Štokavsko narječje Novoštokavsko narječje Istočnohercegovačko narječje Šumadijsko-vojvođanski dijalekt Srpski jezik; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Etnički govornici	Srbi
Broj govornika	oko 12.000.000 (2009.)
Sistem pisanja	Srpska ćirilica ; Srpska latinica
Službeni status
Služben u	Srbija; Bosna i Hercegovina (su-služben); Kosovo (su-služben); Crna Gora (su-služben);
Manjinski jezik u	Hrvatska; Mađarska; Slovačka; Češka; Sjeverna Makedonija; Rumunija;
Regulator(i)	Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika
Jezički kod
ISO 639-1	sr
ISO 639-2 / 5	srp
ISO 639-3	srp
Karta
	Srpski jezik nije ugrožen po klasifikaciji UNESCO Atlas svjetskih ugroženih jezika
	Također pogledajte:; Jezik \| Jezičke porodice \| Spisak jezika

Srpski jezik jest standardizovana varijanta srpskohrvatskog jezika koji uglavnom koriste Srbi.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] To je maternji jezik oko osam i po miliona Srba u Srbiji, Bosni i Hercegovini i Crnoj Gori. Kao manjina Srbi žive i u Hrvatskoj, Makedoniji, Sloveniji, Mađarskoj i Rumuniji. Teško je odrediti broj srpskih iseljenika u Evropi, Americi i Australiji.

Standardni srpski je zasnovan na najrasprostranjenijem dijalektu srpskohrvatskog, štokavskog (tačnije na dijalektima šumadijskovojvođanskog i istočnohercegovačkog),^[14] koji je ujedno i osnova standardnog hrvatskog, bosanskog i crnogorskog varijeteta^[15] te je 2017. donesena Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku Hrvata, Bošnjaka, Srba i Crnogoraca.^[16]^[17] Drugi dijalekt kojim govore Srbi je torlački u jugoistočnoj Srbiji, koji je prelazni na makedonski i bugarski.

Srpski jezik je standardni jezik u službenoj upotrebi u Republici Srbiji, Bosni i Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori, a u kulturnoj je upotrebi u većem broju zemalja širom svijeta gdje postoje srpske etničke zajednice.

Srpski jezik ima dva refleksa, ekavica i ijekavica.

^ "Croatia: Language Situation". Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd izd.). The official language of Croatia is Croatian (Serbo-Croatian). [...] The same language is referred to by different names, Serbian (srpski), Serbo-Croat (in Croatia: hrvatsko-srpski), Bosnian (bosanski), based on political and ethnic grounds. [...] the language that used to be officially called Serbo-Croat has gotten several new ethnically and politically based names. Thus, the names Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are politically determined and refer to the same language with possible slight variations.
^ "Српски језик говори 12 милиона људи". РТС. 20. 2. 2009.
^ "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19. 10. 2007. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 7. 2013. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
^ "Ec.Europa.eu" (PDF). Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 30. 11. 2007.
^ "B92.net". Arhivirano s originala, 10. 11. 2013.
^ "Minority Rights Group International : Czech Republic : Czech Republic Overview". Minorityrights.org. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2012.
^ "Národnostní menšiny v České republice a jejich jazyky" [National Minorities in Czech Republic and Their Language] (PDF) (jezik: češki). Government of Czech Republic. str. 2. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 15. 3. 2016. Podle čl. 3 odst. 2 Statutu Rady je jejich počet 12 a jsou uživateli těchto menšinových jazyků: ..., srbština a ukrajinština
^ "Minority Rights Group International : Macedonia : Macedonia Overview". Minorityrights.org. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2012.
^ David Dalby, Linguasphere (1999/2000, Linguasphere Observatory), pg. 445, 53-AAA-g, "Srpski+Hrvatski, Serbo-Croatian".
^ Benjamin W. Fortson IV, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (2010, Blackwell), p. 431, "Because of their mutual intelligibility, Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are usually thought of as constituting one language called Serbo-Croatian."
^ Václav Blažek, "On the Internal Classification of Indo-European Languages: Survey" retrieved 20 Oct 2010 Arhivirano 4. 2. 2012. na Wayback Machine, pp. 15–16.
^ Ćalić, Jelena (2021). "Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide". Sociolinguistica: European Journal of Sociolinguistics. De Gruyter. 35 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1515/soci-2021-0007. ISSN 0933-1883. S2CID 244134335 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć). The debate about the status of the Serbo-Croatian language and its varieties has recently shifted (again) towards a position which looks at the internal variation within Serbo-Croatian through the prism of linguistic pluricentricity
^ Mader Skender, Mia (2022). "Schlussbemerkung" [Summary]. Die kroatische Standardsprache auf dem Weg zur Ausbausprache [The Croatian standard language on the way to ausbau language] (PDF) (Dissertation). UZH Dissertations (jezik: German). Zurich: University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Slavonic Studies. str. 196–197. doi:10.5167/uzh-215815. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2022. Obwohl das Kroatische sich in den letzten Jahren in einigen Gebieten, vor allem jedoch auf lexikalischer Ebene, verändert hat, sind diese Änderungen noch nicht bedeutend genug, dass der Terminus Ausbausprache gerechtfertigt wäre. Ausserdem können sich Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner immer noch auf ihren jeweiligen Nationalsprachen unterhalten und problemlos verständigen. Nur schon diese Tatsache zeigt, dass es sich immer noch um eine polyzentrische Sprache mit verschiedenen Varietäten handelt.CS1 održavanje: nepoznati jezik (link)
^ Ljiljana Subotić; Dejan Sredojević; Isidora Bjelaković (2012), Fonetika i fonologija: Ortoepska i ortografska norma standardnog srpskog jezika (jezik: srpskohrvatski), FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET NOVI SAD, arhivirano s originala, 3. 1. 2014
^ Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Or Montenegrin? Or Just 'Our Language'? Arhivirano 5. 11. 2010. na Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 21, 2009
^ Nosovitz, Dan (11. 2. 2019). "What Language Do People Speak in the Balkans, Anyway?". Atlas Obscura. Arhivirano s originala, 11. 2. 2019. Pristupljeno 6. 5. 2019.
^ Zanelli, Aldo (2018). Eine Analyse der Metaphern in der kroatischen Linguistikfachzeitschrift Jezik von 1991 bis 1997 [Analysis of Metaphors in Croatian Linguistic Journal Language from 1991 to 1997]. Studien zur Slavistik ; 41 (jezik: njemački). Hamburg: Kovač. str. 21, 83. ISBN 978-3-8300-9773-0. OCLC 1023608613. (NSK). (FFZG)

[1] "Croatia: Language Situation". Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd izd.). The official language of Croatia is Croatian (Serbo-Croatian). [...] The same language is referred to by different names, Serbian (srpski), Serbo-Croat (in Croatia: hrvatsko-srpski), Bosnian (bosanski), based on political and ethnic grounds. [...] the language that used to be officially called Serbo-Croat has gotten several new ethnically and politically based names. Thus, the names Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are politically determined and refer to the same language with possible slight variations.

[2] "Српски језик говори 12 милиона људи". РТС. 20. 2. 2009.

[3] "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19. 10. 2007. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 7. 2013. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.

[4] "Ec.Europa.eu" (PDF). Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 30. 11. 2007.

[5] "B92.net". Arhivirano s originala, 10. 11. 2013.

[6] "Minority Rights Group International : Czech Republic : Czech Republic Overview". Minorityrights.org. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2012.

[7] "Národnostní menšiny v České republice a jejich jazyky" [National Minorities in Czech Republic and Their Language] (PDF) (jezik: češki). Government of Czech Republic. str. 2. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 15. 3. 2016. Podle čl. 3 odst. 2 Statutu Rady je jejich počet 12 a jsou uživateli těchto menšinových jazyků: ..., srbština a ukrajinština

[8] "Minority Rights Group International : Macedonia : Macedonia Overview". Minorityrights.org. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2012.

[9] David Dalby, Linguasphere (1999/2000, Linguasphere Observatory), pg. 445, 53-AAA-g, "Srpski+Hrvatski, Serbo-Croatian".

[10] Benjamin W. Fortson IV, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (2010, Blackwell), p. 431, "Because of their mutual intelligibility, Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are usually thought of as constituting one language called Serbo-Croatian."

[11] Václav Blažek, "On the Internal Classification of Indo-European Languages: Survey" retrieved 20 Oct 2010 Arhivirano 4. 2. 2012. na Wayback Machine, pp. 15–16.

[12] Ćalić, Jelena (2021). "Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide". Sociolinguistica: European Journal of Sociolinguistics. De Gruyter. 35 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1515/soci-2021-0007. ISSN 0933-1883. S2CID 244134335 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć). The debate about the status of the Serbo-Croatian language and its varieties has recently shifted (again) towards a position which looks at the internal variation within Serbo-Croatian through the prism of linguistic pluricentricity

[13] Mader Skender, Mia (2022). "Schlussbemerkung" [Summary]. Die kroatische Standardsprache auf dem Weg zur Ausbausprache [The Croatian standard language on the way to ausbau language] (PDF) (Dissertation). UZH Dissertations (jezik: German). Zurich: University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Slavonic Studies. str. 196–197. doi:10.5167/uzh-215815. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2022. Obwohl das Kroatische sich in den letzten Jahren in einigen Gebieten, vor allem jedoch auf lexikalischer Ebene, verändert hat, sind diese Änderungen noch nicht bedeutend genug, dass der Terminus Ausbausprache gerechtfertigt wäre. Ausserdem können sich Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner immer noch auf ihren jeweiligen Nationalsprachen unterhalten und problemlos verständigen. Nur schon diese Tatsache zeigt, dass es sich immer noch um eine polyzentrische Sprache mit verschiedenen Varietäten handelt.CS1 održavanje: nepoznati jezik (link)

[14] Ljiljana Subotić; Dejan Sredojević; Isidora Bjelaković (2012), Fonetika i fonologija: Ortoepska i ortografska norma standardnog srpskog jezika (jezik: srpskohrvatski), FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET NOVI SAD, arhivirano s originala, 3. 1. 2014

[15] Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Or Montenegrin? Or Just 'Our Language'? Arhivirano 5. 11. 2010. na Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 21, 2009

[16] Nosovitz, Dan (11. 2. 2019). "What Language Do People Speak in the Balkans, Anyway?". Atlas Obscura. Arhivirano s originala, 11. 2. 2019. Pristupljeno 6. 5. 2019.

[17] Zanelli, Aldo (2018). Eine Analyse der Metaphern in der kroatischen Linguistikfachzeitschrift Jezik von 1991 bis 1997 [Analysis of Metaphors in Croatian Linguistic Journal Language from 1991 to 1997]. Studien zur Slavistik ; 41 (jezik: njemački). Hamburg: Kovač. str. 21, 83. ISBN 978-3-8300-9773-0. OCLC 1023608613. (NSK). (FFZG)

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