Heterosexualitat

L'heterosexualitat és la relació sexual o romàntica entre dos individus de diferent sexe biològic.^[1]^[2]^[3] L'ús del terme també pot afectar la identitat personal o a la història personal predominant de pràctiques sexuals. L'adjectiu "heterosexual" fa referència a una relació sexual entre dues persones de diferent sexe (un home i una dona), encara que cap d'ells no les executi de manera exclusiva. És a dir, una persona pot identificar-se a si mateixa com a heterosexual, encara que tingui relacions homosexuals ocasionals i no vulgui identificar-se com a bisexual.

Els científics no coneixen la causa exacta de l'orientació sexual, però teoritzen que és causada per una complexa interacció d'influències genètiques, hormonals i ambientals,^[4]^[5]^[6] i no ho veuen com una opció.^[4]^[5]^[7] Encara que cap teoria sobre la causa de l'orientació sexual encara no ha obtingut un suport generalitzat, els científics afavoreixen les teories biològiques.^[4] Hi ha molta més evidència que recolza causes biològiques i no socials d'orientació sexual que no pas socials, especialment per als homes.^[8]^[9]^[10]

El terme heterosexual o heterosexualitat s'aplica generalment als humans, però el comportament heterosexual s'observa en tots els altres mamífers i en altres animals.

↑ «Definición de heterosexual — Definicion.de» (en castellà). [Consulta: 30 agost 2021].
↑ «Heterosexualidad - EcuRed» (en castellà). [Consulta: 30 agost 2021].
↑ «Sexual orientation | Definition, Terms, Examples, & Attraction | Britannica» (en anglès), 25-05-2023. [Consulta: 18 juliol 2023].
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence «Sexual orientation and adolescents». Pediatrics, 113, 6, juny 2004, pàg. 1827–32. DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. PMID: 15173519.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Lamanna, Mary Ann; Riedmann, Agnes; Stewart, Susan D. Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society. Cengage Learning, 2014, p. 82. ISBN 978-1-305-17689-8 [Consulta: 11 febrer 2016]. «The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).»
↑ Gail Wiscarz Stuart. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014, p. 502. ISBN 978-0-323-29412-6 [Consulta: 11 febrer 2016]. «No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.»
↑ Gloria Kersey-Matusiak. Delivering Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Springer Publishing Company, 2012, p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8261-9381-0 [Consulta: 10 febrer 2016]. «Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'»
↑ Bailey, J. Michael; Vasey, Paul; Diamond, Lisa; Breedlove, S. Marc; Vilain, Eric; Epprecht, Marc «Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science». Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17, 2, 2016, pàg. 45–101. DOI: 10.1177/1529100616637616. PMID: 27113562.
↑ LeVay, Simon. Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation. Oxford University Press, 2017. ISBN 9780199752966.
↑ Balthazart, Jacques. The Biology of Homosexuality. Oxford University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780199838820.

[1] «Definición de heterosexual — Definicion.de» (en castellà). [Consulta: 30 agost 2021].

[2] «Heterosexualidad - EcuRed» (en castellà). [Consulta: 30 agost 2021].

[3] «Sexual orientation | Definition, Terms, Examples, & Attraction | Britannica» (en anglès), 25-05-2023. [Consulta: 18 juliol 2023].

[pediatrics2004-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence «Sexual orientation and adolescents». Pediatrics, 113, 6, juny 2004, pàg. 1827–32. DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. PMID: 15173519.

[Lamanna-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Lamanna, Mary Ann; Riedmann, Agnes; Stewart, Susan D. Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society. Cengage Learning, 2014, p. 82. ISBN 978-1-305-17689-8 [Consulta: 11 febrer 2016]. «The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).»

[Stuart-6] Gail Wiscarz Stuart. Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014, p. 502. ISBN 978-0-323-29412-6 [Consulta: 11 febrer 2016]. «No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.»

[Kersey-Matusiak-7] Gloria Kersey-Matusiak. Delivering Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Springer Publishing Company, 2012, p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8261-9381-0 [Consulta: 10 febrer 2016]. «Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'»

[Bailey16-8] Bailey, J. Michael; Vasey, Paul; Diamond, Lisa; Breedlove, S. Marc; Vilain, Eric; Epprecht, Marc «Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science». Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17, 2, 2016, pàg. 45–101. DOI: 10.1177/1529100616637616. PMID: 27113562.

[LeVay-9] LeVay, Simon. Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation. Oxford University Press, 2017. ISBN 9780199752966.

[Balthazart-10] Balthazart, Jacques. The Biology of Homosexuality. Oxford University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780199838820.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]