1157 Hama earthquake

1157 Hama earthquake
Local date	12 August 1157
Magnitude	7.4 Ms
Epicenter	35°06′N 36°30′E / 35.1°N 36.5°E
Areas affected	Syria (region)
Total damage	Extreme
Max. intensity	MMI VIII (Severe) – MMI IX (Violent)
Casualties	8,000

After a year of foreshocks, an earthquake occurred on 12 August 1157 near the city of Hama, in west-central Syria (then under the Seljuk rule), where the most casualties were sustained.^[2] In eastern Syria, near the Euphrates, the quake destroyed the predecessor of the citadel al-Rahba, subsequently rebuilt on the same strategic site. The earthquake also affected Christian monasteries and churches in the vicinity of Jerusalem.

^ Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh R.; Mouty M (2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. doi:10.4401/ag-3206.
^ ^a ^b Ambraseys, Nicholas N. (2004). "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2–3). Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia: 733, 738, 745, 750.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference NGDC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Sbeinati-1] Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh R.; Mouty M (2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. doi:10.4401/ag-3206.

[Ambraseys-2] Ambraseys, Nicholas N. (2004). "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2–3). Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia: 733, 738, 745, 750.

[NGDC-3] Cite error: The named reference NGDC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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