1989 Spanish general election

1989 Spanish general election

← 1986 29 October 1989[a] 1993 →
All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 254) seats in the Senate 176[b] seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered	29,604,055 1.7%
Turnout	20,646,365 (69.7%) 0.8 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Felipe González José María Aznar Miquel Roca Party PSOE PP CiU Leader since 28 September 1979 4 September 1989 4 July 1982 Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Barcelona Last election 184 seats, 44.1% 105 seats, 26.0%[c] 18 seats, 5.0% Seats won 175 107 18 Seat change 9 2 0 Popular vote 8,115,568 5,285,972 1,032,243 Percentage 39.6% 25.8% 5.0% Swing 4.5 pp 0.2 pp 0.0 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Julio Anguita Adolfo Suárez Iñaki Anasagasti Party IU CDS EAJ/PNV Leader since 12 February 1989 29 July 1982 1986 Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Biscay Last election 7 seats, 4.6% 19 seats, 9.2% 6 seats, 1.5% Seats won 17 14 5 Seat change 10 5 1 Popular vote 1,858,588 1,617,716 254,681 Percentage 9.1% 7.9% 1.2% Swing 4.5 pp 1.3 pp 0.3 pp
Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency
Prime Minister before election Felipe González PSOE Prime Minister after election Felipe González PSOE

The 1989 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 29 October 1989,^[a] to elect the 4th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 254 seats in the Senate. An election had not been due until 28 July 1990 at latest,^[d] but Prime Minister Felipe González called for a snap election nine months ahead of schedule, allegedly on the need of implementing tough economic measures.^[1] González hoped to capitalize on a still strong economy and his party's electoral success in a European Parliament election held in June, after a troubled legislature which had seen an increase of social protest on his government's economic policy and the calling of a massive general strike in 1988.^[2]

The election was regarded as one of the most controversial in the democratic history of Spain. Close results in many constituencies, coupled with severe flaws in electoral register data, an inefficient structure of the electoral administration and the ongoing political struggle between the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and the opposition parties over the Socialist absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies, led to a major scandal when election results in a number of constituencies were contested under accusations of irregularities and fraud.^[3] Judicial courts were forced to intervene, determining by-elections for Murcia, Pontevedra and Melilla. The issue was appealed to the Constitutional Court of Spain, which overruled previous rulings and validated the vote in Melilla only, with a new election being held on 25 March 1990.^[4] In the end, the disputed seat was won by the People's Party (PP), depriving the PSOE of its 176th seat in Congress–and with it, the outright majority it had held since 1982.^[5]

The election saw an erosion in popular support for the incumbent Socialists, who nonetheless emerged again as the largest party by a decisive margin, with 68 more seats than the PP. As a result, Felipe González was able to be re-elected for a third consecutive term in office with confidence and supply support from the Canarian Independent Groups (AIC). The newly amalgamated PP, led into the election by José María Aznar, exceeded initial expectations and slightly improved on the People's Coalition 1986 result while performing better than in the June European Parliament election.^[6] Julio Anguita's left-wing coalition, United Left (IU), scored a remarkable success by doubling its 1986 totals, whereas Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) fell short of its goal of becoming a government alternative and lost votes and seats.^[7][8]

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