1990s uprising in Bahrain

1990s uprising in Bahrain
1990s uprising in Bahrain
	A CIA WFB map of Bahrain.
Date	December 17, 1994 – March 6, 1999
Location	Bahrain
Caused by	Dissolution of parliament
Goals	Reinstatement of parliament
Methods	Demonstrations; Civil resistance; Strikes;
Resulted in	Democratic reforms; reinstatement of parliament
Parties
Leftist, Islamist, liberal political parties, and relatively small select militias Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain; Hezbollah – Bahrain;	Government of Bahrain Bahrain Defence Force; Special Security Force Command;
Lead figures
	Sheikh Abdul Amir Al-Jamri; Abdulwahab Hussain; Hasan Mushaima; Saeed al-Shehabi; Ali Salman; Abdullatif Al-Mahmood Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa; Ian Henderson
Casualties and losses
	1 soldier killed; 3+ police officers killed; ;
	40+ civilians killed (including one executed on charges of killing a soldier)

The 1990s uprising in Bahrain (Arabic: الانتفاضة التسعينية في البحرين) also known as the uprising of dignity^[3] (Arabic: انتفاضة الكرامة) was an uprising in Bahrain between 1994 and 1999 in which leftists, liberals and Islamists joined forces to demand democratic reforms. The uprising caused approximately forty deaths and ended after Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999^[4] and a referendum on 14–15 February 2001 massively supported the National Action Charter.^[5] The uprising resulted in the deaths of around 40 civilians and at least one Bahraini soldier.^[6]^[7]

^ "Bahrain's Uprising: Regional Dimensions and International Consequences". Stability: International Journal of Security & Development. 2: 14. 2013. doi:10.5334/sta.be (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 2013-07-17. Retrieved 2014-07-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
^ Jehl, Douglas (1996-01-28). "Bahrain Rulers Say They're Determined to End Village Unrest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
^ Phil Davison (20 December 2006). "Sheikh Abdul Amir al-Jamri". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Country Profiles Bahrain" Archived 2017-04-20 at the Wayback Machine The Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law and Integrity Retrieved 2010-12-01
^ Cite error: The named reference UNDP-POGAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "التحالف الوطني ضد الإرهاب يزور أسر شهداء الواجب". Bahrain News Agency. 23 April 2011. Retrieved on 23 June 2012
^ "Bahrain: A Human Rights Crisis". Amnesty International. 25 Sep 1995.

[1] "Bahrain's Uprising: Regional Dimensions and International Consequences". Stability: International Journal of Security & Development. 2: 14. 2013. doi:10.5334/sta.be (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 2013-07-17. Retrieved 2014-07-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

[2] Jehl, Douglas (1996-01-28). "Bahrain Rulers Say They're Determined to End Village Unrest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-23.

[Guardian_20.12.2006-3] Phil Davison (20 December 2006). "Sheikh Abdul Amir al-Jamri". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[4] "Country Profiles Bahrain" Archived 2017-04-20 at the Wayback Machine The Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law and Integrity Retrieved 2010-12-01

[UNDP-POGAR-5] Cite error: The named reference UNDP-POGAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] "التحالف الوطني ضد الإرهاب يزور أسر شهداء الواجب". Bahrain News Agency. 23 April 2011. Retrieved on 23 June 2012

[amnesty95-7] "Bahrain: A Human Rights Crisis". Amnesty International. 25 Sep 1995.

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