Back هجمات مومباي 2008 Arabic Mumbaya terror aktı Azerbaijani Терористична атака в Мумбай (2008) Bulgarian ২০০৮ সালের মুম্বই জঙ্গি হামলা Bengali/Bangla Atemptats de Bombai de 2008 Catalan ھێرشەکانی مومبای ٢٠٠٨ CKB Teroristické útoky v Bombaji v listopadu 2008 Czech Terrorangrebet i Mumbai 2008 Danish Anschläge in Mumbai 2008 German Atentados de Bombay de 2008 Spanish

2008 Mumbai attacks

"26/11" redirects here. For the date, see November 26.

2008 Mumbai attacks
Part of terrorism in India
The burned dome of the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel on December 3.
Places of the attacks
LocationMumbai, India
Coordinates18°55′19″N 72°50′00″E / 18.92194°N 72.83333°E / 18.92194; 72.83333
Date26 November 2008 (2008-11-26) – 29 November 2008 (2008-11-29)
21:30 (26/11) – 08:00 (29/11) (IST, UTC+05:30)
Attack type
Bombings, mass shootings, mass murder, hostage crisis,[3] siege
WeaponsAK rifles, RDX, IEDs, grenades
Deaths175 (including 9 attackers)[4]
Injured300+[5]
VictimsSee casualty list for complete list
PerpetratorsLashkar-e-Taiba led by Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi[6][7][8]
No. of participants
10
Defenders
MotiveIslamic terrorism

The 2008 Mumbai attacks, also referred to as 26/11 attacks,[a] were a series of coordinated Islamist terrorist attacks that took place in November 2008, when 10 members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based Islamist militant organisation, carried out 12 shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days across Mumbai.[12][13] The attacks, which drew widespread global condemnation, began on Wednesday, 26 November, and lasted until Saturday, 29 November 2008. A total of 175 people died, including nine of the attackers, with more than 300 injured.[4][5][14]

Eight of the attacks occurred in South Mumbai at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, the Oberoi Trident, the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower hotel, the Leopold Cafe, the Cama Hospital, the Nariman House,[15][16] the Metro Cinema, and in a lane behind the Times of India building and St. Xavier's College.[2]

In addition to the mass shootings, an explosion occurred at Mazagaon, in Mumbai's port area, and in a taxi at Vile Parle.[17] By the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Hotel had been secured by the Mumbai Police and security forces. On 29 November, India's National Security Guards conducted Operation Black Tornado to flush out the remaining terrorists; it culminated in the death of the last remaining terrorists at the Taj Hotel and ended the attacks.[18]

Before his execution in 2012, Ajmal Kasab,[19] the sole surviving attacker, stated that the terrorists were members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba,[20] and were controlled from Pakistan, corroborating initial claims from the Indian Government.[21] Initially denying the claims, Pakistan later confirmed that the sole surviving perpetrator of the attacks was a Pakistani citizen.[22][23] The subsequent capture and interrogation of David Headley, a Pakistani-American DEA informer, and Tahawwur Rana, a Canadian citizen of Pakistani origin, pointed to the involvement of rogue officials of Pakistan Army and ISI in the terrorist attacks, who provided support to the Lashkar-e-Taiba.[24] Furthermore, Headley was also accused of traveling to Denmark to scout the Jyllands-Posten office and a nearby synagogue.[25]

On 9 April 2015, the foremost ringleader of the attacks, Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, was released on bail and disappeared;[26] he was arrested again in Lahore on 2 January 2021.[27][28] In 2018, former Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif questioned the Pakistani government's allowance of those who committed the attacks to cross into India.[29] In 2022, one of the masterminds of the attack, Sajid Majeed Mir —who had earlier been claimed to be dead by the Pakistan Government— was convicted for funding terrorist activities by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan.[30][31][32]

As of May 2025, it is one of the deadliest terrorist attacks that took place in Mumbai, as well as across India. In April 2025, Tahawwur Rana, a Pakistani Canadian, who was a co-conspirator in the attack, was extradited to India from the United States for interrogation by the NIA and to face prosecution for his involvement in the attacks.[33]

On 7 May 2025, the Markaz-e-Taiba, known to be the headquarters of Lashkar-e-Taiba in Muridke, Pakistan, was reportedly destroyed in an airstrike by the Indian Air Force, codenamed Operation Sindoor.[34] The airstrike took place in retaliation for the Pahalgam attack, which was a targeted killing of Hindus by The Resistance Front, an off-shoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba.[35] The location was reportedly where the lone gunman Ajmal Kasab and David Headley were indoctrinated and trained.[36]

  1. ^ Magnier, Mark (3 December 2008). "Facing attackers with little more than courage". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Wave of Terror Attacks Strikes India's Mumbai, Killing at Least 182". Fox News. 27 November 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  3. ^ Magnier, Mark; Sharma, Subhash (27 November 2008). "Terror attacks ravage Mumbai". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
  4. ^ a b Bhandarwar, A. H.; Bakhshi, G. D.; Tayade, M. B.; Chavan, G. S.; Shenoy, S. S.; Nair, A. S. (2012). "Mortality pattern of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks". The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 72 (5): 1329–34, discussion 1334. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31824da04f. ISSN 0022-5282. PMID 22673262. S2CID 23968266. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Mumbai terrorist attacks of 2008". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  6. ^ Masood, Salman (12 February 2009). "Pakistan Backtracks on Link to Mumbai Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  7. ^ Nelson, Dean (8 July 2009). "Pakistani president Asif Zardari admits creating terrorist groups". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  8. ^ "Pakistan admits Mumbai terror link". The National. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  9. ^ "Army preparing for final assault, says Major General Hooda". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 27 November 2008. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2008.
  10. ^ "India Blames Pakistan as Mumbai Siege Ends". Deutsche Welle. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  11. ^ ""War level" security in India after Mumbai attacks". Reuters. 30 November 2008. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  12. ^ Friedman, Thomas (17 February 2009). "No Way, No How, Not Here". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  13. ^ Schifrin, Nick (25 November 2009). "Mumbai Terror Attacks: 7 Pakistanis Charged – Action Comes a Year After India's Worst Terrorist Attacks; 164 Die". ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  14. ^ Black, Ian (28 November 2008). "Attacks draw worldwide condemnation". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
  15. ^ Kahn, Jeremy (2 December 2008). "Jews of Mumbai, a Tiny and Eclectic Group, Suddenly Reconsider Their Serene Existence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  16. ^ "Ten years after 26/11 Chabad House continues to stand tall". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  17. ^ "Tracing the terror route". The Indian Express. Mumbai. 10 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  18. ^ "Police declare Mumbai siege over". BBC News. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 29 November 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
  19. ^ "Terrorist's name lost in transliteration". The Hindu. Chennai. 6 December 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  20. ^ Bajoria, Jayshree (14 January 2010). "Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (aka Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba)". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  21. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Sengupta, Somini (3 December 2008). "Ex-US Official Cites Pakistani Training for India Attackers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
  22. ^ "Mumbai siege: 'Kill all the hostages – except the two Muslims'". The Independent. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  23. ^ Waraich, Omar (8 January 2009). "Pakistan Continues to Resist India Pressure on Mumbai". Time. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  24. ^ DAVID JOHNSTON; ERIC SCHMITT (18 November 2009). "Ex-Military Officer in Pakistan Is Linked to 2 Chicago Terrorism Suspects". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Sebastian Rotella (31 October 2009). "In alleged terror plot, a troubling twist". Chicago Tribune.
  26. ^ "Mumbai attack suspect Lakhvi released on bail in Pakistan". BBC News. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  27. ^ Tanveer, Asim (2 January 2021). "Pakistan arrests key militant on terror financing charges". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  28. ^ Bukhari, Mubasher (2 January 2021). "Pakistan arrests alleged militant group leader Zaki ur Rehman Lakhvi on terrorism financing charge". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  29. ^ Imran, Mohammad (14 May 2018). "'What did I say that was wrong?': Nawaz responds to controversy around remarks on Mumbai attacks". Dawn. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2023. "Militant organisations are active. Call them non-state actors, should we allow them to cross the border and kill 150 people in Mumbai?" [Nawaz Sharif] had asked [...]
  30. ^ "Pakistan quietly jails 26/11 handler Sajid Mir for 15 years". The Times of India. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Following are the top foreign stories at 1700 hours". The Week. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022. was earlier declared dead by Pakistan, has been jailed for over 15 years in a terror-financing case
  32. ^ "Pakistan Court Sentences 26/11 Terror Attack Mastermind to 15 Years in Jail". The Wire. 26 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022. Pakistani authorities had in the past claimed he had died, but Western countries remained unconvinced and demanded proof of his death.
  33. ^ "Mumbai terror attacks accused extradited by US arrives in India". BBC. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
  34. ^ "9 terror camps bombed to smithereens in 26 minutes".
  35. ^ "India wipes out Ajmal Kasab's training camp in Operation Sindoor against Pakistan".
  36. ^ "Operation Sindoor: Pakistan terror camp, where Ajmal Kasab and David Headley trained, destroyed".


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