Back احتجاجات الانتخابات الإيرانية 2009–2010 Arabic Protestes postelectorals iranianes de 2009 Catalan Zelená revoluce (Írán) Czech Proteste nach der iranischen Präsidentschaftswahl 2009 German Μετεκλογικές ταραχές στο Ιράν (2009) Greek Protestado en Irano (2009) Esperanto Protestas electorales en Irán de 2009 Spanish پیامدهای انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری دهم ایران Persian Soulèvement postélectoral de 2009 en Iran French הבחירות לנשיאות איראן ותנועת המחאה 2009 HE

2009 Iranian presidential election protests

2009 Iranian presidential election protests
Iranians protesting in Valiasr Square in the capital Tehran
Date13 June 2009 – 7 December 2010[1]
Location
Iran: Tehran, Abadan, Ahvaz, Arak, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas, Birjand, Bojnord, Borujerd, Dezful, Sari, Babol, Bandar Torkaman, Bushehr, Hamadan, Isfahan, Ilam, Karaj, Kashan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorramshahr, Khoy, Mashhad, Najafabad, Qazvin, Qom, Rasht, Sanandaj, Shahr Kord, Shiraz, Tabriz, Urmia, Yasuj, Yazd, Zabol, Zanjan, Zahedan
By world
United States: Atlanta, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Preston, Iowa, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Irvine, Kansas City, Las Cruces, Las Vegas,[2] Los Angeles, Madison, Miami, Minneapolis, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Seattle, State College, Tempe, Washington, D.C.
Canada: Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver, Waterloo
Germany: Berlin, Bochum, Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Heidelberg, Münster, Stuttgart[3]
Sweden: Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Skellefteå, Karlstad, Sundsvall,[4] Uppsala,[5] Helsingborg,[6] Umeå,[7] Jönköping,[8] Uddevalla,[9] Borås[10]
Netherlands: The Hague, Amsterdam, Delft, Leiden, Groningen, Maastricht,
Italy: Rome, Milan, Turin, Florence
Switzerland: Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich, Bern
Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra,[11] Adelaide[12]
Spain: Barcelona, Madrid
Ukraine: Kyiv,[13] Kharkiv
United Kingdom: London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield, Nottingham, Bristol[14]
France: Paris, Lyon
Belgium: Brussels, Leuven
New Zealand: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch
Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur
Portugal: Lisbon
Austria: Vienna, Salzburg[15]
Romania: Bucharest[16]
Hungary: Budapest[17]
Czech Republic: Prague
Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya
Denmark: Copenhagen, Aarhus
Norway: Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger, Arendal, Kristiansand
South Korea: Seoul, Busan, Daegu
Armenia: Yerevan
Israel: Tel Aviv
United Arab Emirates: Dubai
Turkey: Istanbul, Ankara[18]
Pakistan: Islamabad,[19] Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar
Egypt: Cairo[20]
Kuwait: Kuwait City[21]
Greece: Athens[22]
Cyprus: Nicosia[23]
Bulgaria: Sofia[24]
Azerbaijan: Baku[25]
Poland: Warsaw[26]
Finland: Helsinki[27]
Ireland: Dublin[28]
Singapore: Singapore[29]
India: Hyderabad[30]
Bangladesh: Dhaka[31]
Philippines: Manila
Caused byAlleged voting fraud and irregularities
GoalsElection transparency, recall of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office
MethodsDemonstrations, riots, civil disobedience, strike actions
Resulted inProtests quelled
Parties
Lead figures
Casualties and losses
36 killed (Iranian Government figure)[32]
72 killed (Opposition figure)[33][34][35]
4,000 arrests[citation needed]

After incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared victory in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests broke out in major cities across Iran in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi.[36] The protests continued until 2010, and were titled the Iranian Green Movement (Persian: جنبش سبز Jonbesh-e Sabz) by their proponents, reflecting Mousavi's campaign theme, and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.[37][38][39]

Protests began on the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won nearly 63 percent of the vote, despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, with Rezaee and Mousavi lodging official complaints. Mousavi announced he "won't surrender to this manipulation", before lodging an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June.[38] Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ordered an investigation into the claims of electoral fraud and irregularities, as requested by Green Movement leaders.[40][41][42] Ahmadinejad called the election "completely free" and the outcome a "great victory" for Iran, dismissing the protests as akin to little more than "passions after a soccer match".[43]

Due to the sporadic cases of violence present at the protests, the government had the police and paramilitary Basij violently suppress them; protesters were beaten, pepper sprayed, arrested and tortured, and even shot in some cases. The most widely known firearm victim was Neda Agha-Soltan, whose last moments were uploaded to YouTube and broadcast around the world.[44][45][46] Opposition groups also reported thousands more were arrested and tortured in prisons around the country, with former inmates alleging mass rape of men, women, and children by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards in prisons such as Kahrizak and Evin.[47][48] The Iranian government confirmed the deaths of 36 people during the protests,[32] while unconfirmed reports by Mousavi supporters allege at least 72 deaths (over twice as many) in the three months following the election. They claimed relatives of the deceased were forced to sign documents citing death by heart attack or meningitis.[49][50] Iranian authorities closed universities in Tehran, blocked websites, cut off mobile signals[51] and banned rallies.[41]

The creation of the Iranian Green Movement developed during these protests. It was also termed the "Twitter Revolution", due to protesters' reliance on Twitter and other social media to communicate.[52]

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