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All 577 seats of the National Assembly 289 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Opinion polls | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 66.71% (19.20 pp) (1st round) 66.63% (20.39 pp) (2nd round) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. The election followed the dissolution of the National Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's Besoin d'Europe electoral list lost significant number of seats in the 2024 European Parliament election in France.[4]
In the first round of the election, the RN and candidates jointly backed by Éric Ciotti of The Republicans (LR) led with 33.21% of the vote, followed by the parties of the New Popular Front (NFP) with 28.14%,[b] the pro-Macron alliance Ensemble with 21.28%,[c] and LR candidates with 6.57%, with an overall turnout of 66.71%, the highest since 1997.[2][5] On the basis of these results, a record 306 constituencies were headed to three-way runoffs and 5 to four-way runoffs,[6] but this number fell considerably after the first second round due to more than 200 NFP and Ensemble candidates withdrawing to reduce the RN's chances of winning an absolute majority of seats.[7][8]
NFP-supported candidates unexpectedly won a plurality of seats after the second round, with Ensemble candidates also beating expectations by coming second ahead of RN-supported candidates in third, trailed by LR candidates in fourth place. According to candidate labeling by the Ministry of the Interior, candidates belonging to NFP parties received 180 seats (well short of the 289 needed for a majority),[b] compared to 159 for those belonging to Ensemble parties,[c] 142 for RN-supported candidates, and 39 for LR candidates, resulting in a hung parliament. Unofficial media classifications of candidates' affiliations may differ slightly from those used by the Ministry of Interior: according to Le Monde's analysis, 182 NFP-affiliated candidates were elected, compared with 168 for Ensemble, 143 for the RN, and 45 for LR.[3][2] The turnout for the second round, 66.63%, likewise set the record for being the highest since 1997.
In the aftermath of the results, Gabriel Attal announced that he would tender his resignation as prime minister, but Macron initially refused his resignation before accepting it on 16 July. While NFP leaders called for the appointment of a prime minister from the left, numerous Ensemble and LR figures advocated for an agreement excluding the left and, along with the RN, threatened an NFP-led government including ministers members of La France Insoumise (LFI) with an immediate vote of no confidence. Post-election negotiations between NFP alliance partners exposed renewed tensions, with party leaders unable to agree upon a name for prime minister. Analysts noted that the failure of any bloc to attain support from an absolute majority of deputies could lead to institutional deadlock because any government must be able to survive to survive motions of no confidence against them. Although Macron can call a second snap election, he is unable to do so until at least a year after the 2024 election, as stipulated by the constitution.
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