Back ফোর-বি আন্দোলন Bengali/Bangla Moviment 4B Catalan فۆربی (بزاڤ) CKB Hnutí 4B Czech Movado 4B Esperanto Movimiento 4B Spanish 4B liikumine Estonian جنبش ۴بی Persian 4B Finnish Mouvement 4B French
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4B or "Four Nos" is a radical feminist[1] movement that originated in South Korea. The name refers to its defining four tenets which all start with the Korean-language term bi (Korean: 비; Hanja: 非), roughly meaning "no".[2] Its proponents do not date men, marry men, have sex with men, or have children with men.[3] The movement emerged between 2017 and 2019[4][5] on Twitter[6] and on the website WOMAD. It has since spread internationally, namely to the United States after its 2024 presidential election.
The movement is considered fringe in South Korea, and it has since reportedly declined there. In South Korea, a portion of its members, particularly those associated with the apparently misandrist[7] WOMAD, were described as transphobic and homophobic towards gay men.[8][9][10]
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- Yoon, Katie (9 June 2022). "Beneath the Surface: The Struggles of Dismantling Lookism in Looks-Obsessed South Korea". Embodied: The Stanford Undergraduate Journal of Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. 1 (1). Palo Alto: Stanford.
- 박, 지은 (7 April 2020). ""4B 운동 막고 여가부 폐지"… 성인지 감수성 바닥 드러낸 후보들". Women News.
- "The New Perspective On Korean Women Just Produced". Universidad Privada Bolmana. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
- "Kai Ford, '23, East Asian Studies, KI Undergraduate Research Assistantships, Summer 2023". korea.fas.harvard.edu. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ Shamim, Sarah (9 November 2024). "What is the 4B feminist movement from S Korea that's taking off in the US?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ Wilson, Brock (8 November 2024). "What is the 4B movement?". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ "The feminist movement urging South Korean women to shun marriage". South China Morning Post. AFP. 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Smith, Nicola (29 February 2020). "War of the sexes in South Korea as novel becomes feminist handbook". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ Andronic, Mihaela (2023–2024). ""Life Is To Protest": Evolution of Korean Woman's Performance and Contentious Resistance" (PDF). University of Padua. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ Lee, Kathy; Yang, Sunyoung (13 March 2024). "Radical cyberfeminists as language planners: South Korea's Womad". Current Issues in Language Planning. 25 (4). Routledge: 376–393. doi:10.1080/14664208.2024.2328390. ISSN 1466-4208. Retrieved 25 March 2025.
Some might reduce Womad to misandrists or manhaters; however, others would argue that misandry cannot and should not be equated with the misogyny that women have endured due to their lower status compared to men and their lack of institutional power that continues to support misogyny. Considering Womad's transgressive language and misandrist tendencies as tactics to counterbalance gender power dynamics in a patriarchal society and to reconfigure femininity and masculinity, applying approaches from feminist language planning still remains useful.
- ^ 박, 다해 (7 October 2022). 워마드의 관심사는 '자기계발' [혐오의 민낯]. 한겨레21 (in Korean). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
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