557 Constantinople earthquake

557 Constantinople earthquake
	class=notpageimage\| Location of epicenter in the Marmara region
Local date	December 14, 557[citation needed]
Magnitude	6.4 M
Epicenter	41°02′N 28°57′E / 41.03°N 28.95°E
Fault	North Anatolian Fault
Areas affected	Byzantine Empire
Max. intensity	MMI X (Extreme)

The 557 Constantinople earthquake took place on the night of December 14. This earthquake, described in the works of Agathias, John Malalas, and Theophanes the Confessor, caused great damage to Constantinople, then capital of the Byzantine Empire in a region frequently afflicted with earthquakes.^[3] More minor quakes had preceded the large event, including two in April and October respectively.^[4] The main quake in December was of unparalleled ferocity, and "almost completely razed" the city. It caused damage to the Hagia Sophia which contributed to the collapse of its dome the next year, as well as damaging the walls of Constantinople to the extent that Hun invaders were able to penetrate it with ease the following season.^[4]

^ ^a ^b Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari G.; Mariotti D.; Comastri A.; Tarabusi G.; Valensise G. "Online catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy 461 BC to 1997 and Mediterranean area 760 BC to 1500". Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
^ McHugh, C.M.G.; Braudy, N.; Çağatay, M.N.; Sorlien, C.; Cormier, M.-H.; Seeber, L.; Henry, P. (2014). "Seafloor fault ruptures along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: Link with the adjacent basin turbidite record". Marine Geology. 353: 65–83. Bibcode:2014MGeol.353...65M. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.005.
^ Martindale, John R.; Jones, A.H.M.; Morris, John (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: AD 527–641, Cambridge University Press, p. 72, ISBN 978-0-521-20160-5
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Maas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CFTI4MED-1] Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari G.; Mariotti D.; Comastri A.; Tarabusi G.; Valensise G. "Online catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy 461 BC to 1997 and Mediterranean area 760 BC to 1500". Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.

[McHugh_etal_2014-2] McHugh, C.M.G.; Braudy, N.; Çağatay, M.N.; Sorlien, C.; Cormier, M.-H.; Seeber, L.; Henry, P. (2014). "Seafloor fault ruptures along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: Link with the adjacent basin turbidite record". Marine Geology. 353: 65–83. Bibcode:2014MGeol.353...65M. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.005.

[PLRE-3] Martindale, John R.; Jones, A.H.M.; Morris, John (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: AD 527–641, Cambridge University Press, p. 72, ISBN 978-0-521-20160-5

[Maas-4] Cite error: The named reference Maas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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class=notpageimage\| Location of epicenter in the Marmara region
Local date	December 14, 557 (0557-12-14)^{[citation needed]}
Magnitude	6.4 M^[1]
Epicenter	41°02′N 28°57′E / 41.03°N 28.95°E / 41.03; 28.95^[1]
Fault	North Anatolian Fault^[2]
Areas affected	Byzantine Empire
Max. intensity	MMI X (Extreme)