6 February 1934 crisis

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6 February 1934 crisis
Part of the interwar period
Rioters attacking mounted police with projectiles outside the Place de la Concorde during the crisis
Date	6 February 1934
Location	Place de la Concorde, Paris, France
Caused by	Fallout from the Stavisky affair Dismissal of Jean Chiappe
Methods	Riots
Resulted in	Resignation of Édouard Daladier Counter-demonstrations by left-wing groups Further radicalization of the right-wing
Parties
Far-Right Leagues French Action Young Patriots Francist Movement Cross of Fire French Solidarity UNC [fr] Government of France Cartel of the Left Paris police Left-wing protesters Communist Party ARAC [fr]
Lead figures
Charles Maurras Pierre Taittinger Marcel Bucard François de La Rocque François Coty Albert Lebrun Édouard Daladier Maurice Thorez
Casualties
Death(s)	17 (including 9 right-wing protesters)

The 6 February 1934 crisis (also known as the Veterans' Riot^[1]) was an anti-parliamentarist street demonstration in Paris organized by multiple far-rightist leagues that culminated in a riot on the Place de la Concorde, near the building used for the French National Assembly. The police shot and killed 17 people, nine of whom were far-right protesters. It was one of the major political crises during the Third Republic (1870–1940).^[2] Leftist Frenchmen claimed it was an attempt to organize a fascist coup d'état. According to historian Joel Colton, "The consensus among scholars is that there was no concerted or unified design to seize power and that the leagues lacked the coherence, unity, or leadership to accomplish such an end."^[3]

As a result of the actions of that day, several anti-fascist organisations were created, such as the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, in an attempt to thwart fascism in France. After World War II, several historians, among them Serge Berstein, argued that while some leagues had indisputably desired a coup, François de La Rocque had in fact moderated toward a respect for constitutional order. However, the fascist actions on 6 February were arguably an uncoordinated but violent attempt to overthrow the Cartel des gauches government elected in 1932.^[4]

Radical-Socialist politician Édouard Daladier, who was president of the Council of Ministers, replaced Camille Chautemps on 27 January 1934 because of accusations of corruption (including the Stavisky Affair). Daladier, who had been popular, was nonetheless forced to resign on 7 February. He was replaced by the conservative Radical Gaston Doumergue as head of the government; this was the first time during the Third Republic that a government was ended because of street demonstrations.