8-inch/35-caliber gun

8"/35 caliber Mark 3 & 4 / 8"/40 caliber Mark 5 Naval Gun
Crewmen standing atop USS Indiana forward port side 8-inch gun turret, circa the later 1890s.
Type	Naval gun
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	Mark 3: 1890 Mark 5: 1894
Used by	United States Navy
Wars	Spanish–American War World War I
Production history
Designer	Bureau of Ordnance
Designed	1889
Manufacturer	U.S. Naval Gun Factory
No. built	Mark 3: 19 (Nos. 9–21, 33–37, and 51) Mark 4: 56 (Nos. 22–32, 38–50, and 52–83) Mark 5: 24 (Nos. 84–107)
Variants	Marks 3–5
Specifications
Mass	Mark 3: 29,400 lb (13,300 kg) (without breech) Mark 5: 40,151 lb (18,212 kg) (without breech) Mark 5: 40,621 lb (18,425 kg) (with breech)
Length	Marks 3 & 4: 25 ft 4.5 in (7.73 m) Mark 5: 28 ft 7 in (8.71 m)
Barrel length	Marks 3 & 4: 24 ft 7 in (7.49 m) bore (35 calibers) Mark 5: 27 ft 10 in (8.48 m) bore (40 calibers)
Shell	260 lb (120 kg) armor-piercing
Caliber	8 in (203 mm)
Elevation	Marks 3 and 4: -5° to +20° Marks 5 and 6: −4° to +13° Marks 7, 8, and 9: −7° to +14°
Traverse	Bow and Stern Mountings: −150° to +150° New York Amidships Mountings: 140° Brooklyn Amidships Mountings: 140°
Rate of fire	1890s: 0.5 – 0.8 rounds per minute 1900s: 2 – 2.8 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	Marks 3 & 4: 2,100 ft/s (640 m/s) Mark 5: 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s)
Effective firing range	Marks 3 & 4: 16,000 yd (14,630 m) at 20.1° elevation

The 8"/35 caliber gun Mark 3 and Mark 4 (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-five--caliber") were used for the main batteries of the United States Navy's first armored cruisers and the secondary batteries for their first battleships, the Indiana-class. The 8"/40 caliber gun Mark 5 initially armed the Pennsylvania-class armored cruisers.^[1]