Absence of good

The absence of good (Latin: privatio boni), also known as the privation theory of evil,^[1] is a theological and philosophical doctrine that evil, unlike good, is insubstantial, so that thinking of it as an entity is misleading. Instead, evil is rather the absence, or lack ("privation"), of good.^[2]^[3]^[4] This also means that everything that exists is good, insofar as it exists;^[5]^[6] and is also sometimes stated as that evil ought to be regarded as nothing,^[7] or as something non-existent.^[8]^[9]^[10]

It is often associated with a version of the problem of evil: if some things in the world were to be admitted to be evil, this could be taken to reflect badly on the creator of the world, who would then be difficult to admit to be completely good.^[1]^[6]^[11] The merit of the doctrine in serving as a response to this version of the problem of evil is disputed.^[1]^[12]

^ ^a ^b ^c Calder, Todd (2020), "The Concept of Evil", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2020-09-11
^ Aquinas, Thomas (1990). Peter Kreeft (ed.). A Summa of the Summa. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. ISBN 0898703174.
^ Menssen, Sandra; Thomas D Sullivan (2007). The Agnostic Inquirer. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Pub. p. 136. ISBN 978-0802803948.
^ Teichman, Jenny; Katherine C Evans (1999). Philosophy : A Beginners Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. p. 45. ISBN 063121321X.
^ "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: Goodness in general (Prima Pars, Q. 5)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
^ ^a ^b Russell, Bertrand. "The Elements of Ethics". fair-use.org. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
^ Boethius (1999). The consolation of philosophy. Watts, V. E. (Victor Ernest) (Rev. ed.). London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-192037-5. OCLC 773581629.
^ Rorem, Paul. (1993). Pseudo-Dionysius : a commentary on the texts and an introduction to their influence. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 148. ISBN 1-4237-6478-1. OCLC 65213301.
^ "Nonbeing". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
^ Edward Feser, Five Proofs Of The Existence Of God( 2017, Ignatius Press
^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-1] Calder, Todd (2020), "The Concept of Evil", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2020-09-11

[2] Aquinas, Thomas (1990). Peter Kreeft (ed.). A Summa of the Summa. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. ISBN 0898703174.

[3] Menssen, Sandra; Thomas D Sullivan (2007). The Agnostic Inquirer. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Pub. p. 136. ISBN 978-0802803948.

[4] Teichman, Jenny; Katherine C Evans (1999). Philosophy : A Beginners Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. p. 45. ISBN 063121321X.

[:1-5] "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: Goodness in general (Prima Pars, Q. 5)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

[:2-6] Russell, Bertrand. "The Elements of Ethics". fair-use.org. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

[:3-7] Boethius (1999). The consolation of philosophy. Watts, V. E. (Victor Ernest) (Rev. ed.). London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-192037-5. OCLC 773581629.

[:4-8] Rorem, Paul. (1993). Pseudo-Dionysius : a commentary on the texts and an introduction to their influence. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 148. ISBN 1-4237-6478-1. OCLC 65213301.

[9] "Nonbeing". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

[10] Edward Feser, Five Proofs Of The Existence Of God( 2017, Ignatius Press

[:6-11] Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:5-12] Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]