Address (programming language)

The Address programming language (Ukrainian: Адресна мова програмування, Russian: Адресный язык программирования) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages.^[1] It was created in 1955 by Kateryna Yushchenko.^[2] In particular, the Address programming language made possible indirect addressing and addresses of the highest rank – analogous to pointers.^[3][4]

Unlike Fortran and ALGOL 60, APL (Address Programming Language) supported indirect addressing and addressing of higher ranks. Indirect addressing is a mechanism that appeared in other programming languages much later (1964 – in PL/1).^{[citation needed]}

The Address language was implemented on all the computers of the first and second generation produced in the Soviet Union. The Address language influenced the architecture of the Kyiv, M-20, Dnipro, Ural, Promin and Minsk computers. The Address programming language was used exclusively for the solution of economical problems, including aviation, space exploration, machine building, and military complex – in particular, to calculate the trajectories of ballistic missiles in flight – in the 1950–60s.^[4] Implementations of the Address programming language were used for nearly 20 years. A book about APL was published in Ukraine in 1963 and it was translated and published in France in 1974.^{[citation needed]}

The Address language affected not only the Soviet Union's and other socialist countries economical development, but information technology and programming worldwide.^{[citation needed]} APL's proposed and implemented ideas and tools can be found in many programming-related fields, such as abstract data types, object-oriented programming, functional programming, logical programming, databases and artificial intelligence.^{[citation needed]}