Agriculture in Brazil

Agriculture in Brazil
Agricultural fields near Perdizes, Minas Gerais
Cultivated land	91.9 million ha (2022)[1]
Agricultural land (% of land area)	28.6% (2021)[2]
Rural population (% of total population)	12% (2022)[3]
Main products	Soybeans, corn, sugarcane, coffee
Production
Grains	322.8 million tons (2022)[4]
Major products
Cane and derivatives	630.7 million tons (2020)[5]
Soy	154.6 million tons (2022)[4]
Corn	131.9 million tons (2022)[4]
Participation in the economy
Crop value	R$830.1 billion (US$154.01 billion) (2022)[6]
Contribution to GDP	4.53% (2008)[7]
Agribusiness GDP (Rural industry and trade, livestock and agriculture)	26.46% (2008)[7]

The agriculture of Brazil is historically one of the principal bases of Brazil's economy. While its initial focus was on sugarcane, Brazil eventually became the world's largest exporter of coffee, soybeans, beef, and crop-based ethanol.^[8]

The success of agriculture during the Estado Novo (New State), with Getúlio Vargas, led to the expression, "Brazil, breadbasket of the world".^[9]

As of 2009, Brazil had about 106,000,000 hectares (260,000,000 acres) of undeveloped fertile land – a territory larger than the combined area of France and Spain.^[10]

According to a 2008 IBGE study, despite the global financial crisis, Brazil had record agricultural production, with growth of 9.1%, principally motivated by favorable weather. The production of grains in the year reached an unprecedented 145,400,000 tons. That record output employed an additional 4.8% in planted area, totalling 65,338,000 hectares and producing $148 billion Reals. The principal products were corn (13.1% growth) and soy (2.4% growth).

The southern one-half to two-thirds of Brazil has a semi-temperate climate, higher rainfall, more fertile soil, more advanced technology and input use, adequate infrastructure and more experienced farmers. This region produces most of Brazil's grains, oilseeds, and exports.

The drought-ridden northeast region and Amazon basin lack well-distributed rainfall, good soil, adequate infrastructure and development capital. Although mostly occupied by subsistence farmers, both regions are increasingly important as exporters of forest products, cocoa and tropical fruits. Central Brazil contains substantial areas of grassland. Brazilian grasslands are far less fertile than those of North America, and are generally suited only for grazing.