Al-Shams (East Pakistan)

The Al-Shams (Bengali: আল শামস; Arabic: الشمس) was an anti-Bangladesh paramilitary wing of several Islamist parties in East Pakistan^[1] composed of local Bengalis and Muhajirs^[2] that along with the Pakistan Army and the Al-Badr, is accused of conducting a mass killing campaign against Bengali nationalists, civilians, religious and ethnic minorities during 1971.^[3] The group was banned by the independent government of Bangladesh, but most of its members had fled the country during and after the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to Bangladesh's independence.

^ "Al-Shams". Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
^ Saikia, Yasmin (2011). Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971. Duke University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8223-9428-0.
^ "Pakistan's first two militant Islamist groups, Al-Badar and Al-Shams – by Nadeem F. Paracha". LUBP. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.

[1] "Al-Shams". Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 26 December 2015.

[Saikia-2] Saikia, Yasmin (2011). Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971. Duke University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8223-9428-0.

[3] "Pakistan's first two militant Islamist groups, Al-Badar and Al-Shams – by Nadeem F. Paracha". LUBP. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.

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