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Al-Shawkani

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah al-Shawkani
TitleShaykh al-Islam, Imam, Qadi[1]
Personal life
Born1759 CE /1173 AH
Died1834 CE /1250 AH
Sana'a, Yemen
NationalityYemeni
RegionSouth Arabia
Main interest(s)Fiqh, Hadith, Aqeedah
Notable work(s)Nayl al-Awtar
OccupationHistoriographer, bibliographer, Islamic scholar, jurist
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni[2][3][4][5][6][7]
JurisprudenceZahiri[8]
CreedAthari[9][10][11]
MovementSalafi[12][13][14][15]
Muslim leader
PostChief Qadi of Yemen (1795–1834)
Influenced by
Influenced
Arabic name
Personal
(Ism)		Muḥammad
محمد
Patronymic
(Nasab)		ibn ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allah
بن علي بن محمد بن عبدالله
Teknonymic
(Kunya)		Abu ʻAlī
أبو علي
Toponymic
(Nisba)		Al-Shawkānī
الشوكاني

Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkānī (Arabic: الشوكاني) (1759–1834) was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer.[18][19][20][21] Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of Athari theology and is respected as one of their canonical scholars by Salafi Muslims. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement.[22][23][24] Influenced by the teachings of the medieval Hanbali scholar Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of Taqlid (imitation to legal schools), calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to Kalam (speculative theology) as well as for his robust opposition to various Sufi practices which he condemned as shirk (idolatry).[25][26][27][28][29]

  1. ^ ibn Ali al Shawkani, Muhammad (2009). A Critique of the ruling of Al-Taqlid. Birmingham, UK: Dar al Arqam Publishing. pp. 3–4, 12–13. ISBN 978-1-9164756-4-9.
  2. ^ Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 606. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0. a number of influential thinkers abandoned Zaydism for Sunnism. The best known of these are Muhammad b. Isma'il al-San'ani (d. 1769), Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Shawkani (d. 1834), and more recently Muqbil al-Wadi'i (d. 2001)
  3. ^ Moreau, Schaar, Odile, Stuart (2016). Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-1477319956.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Ahmed, Chanfi (2015). "4: The Dār al-Ḥadīth in Medina and the Ahl al-Ḥadīth". West African ʿulamāʾ and Salafism in Mecca and Medina Jawāb al-Ifrῑqῑ—The Response of the African. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 97. ISBN 978-90-04-27031-2. "He taught both at the mosque and in his home, and was a prolific author who wrote in defense of Sunnī Islam.."
  5. ^ Hanssen, Weiss, Jens, Max (2016). Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Nahda. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 95. ISBN 9781107136335.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Saint-Prot, Charles (1999). Happy Arabia : from antiquity to Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni unifier. USA: University of Michigan. p. 31. ISBN 9781107136335. "In the late 18th century they supported the reform movement of the Sunni theologian Muhamed bin Ali al - Shawkani ( 1750-1834).."
  7. ^ Ala Hamoudi, Cammack, Haider, Mark (2018). Islamic Law in Modern Courts. USA: Aspen Publishing. p. 576. ISBN 9781454830399.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Ahmad Farid Al-Mazidi (2023). المذهب العارف ومذاهب أخرى (دائرة المعارف -8-). f Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية‎. pp. iii, 28, 31. ISBN 978-2745182647. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  9. ^ Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 506–507. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0. al-Shawkani, Muhammad b. 'Ali (1760–1834)... dismissed speculative theology (kalām) and reason-based arguments as idle talk and was a staunch Salafi in matters of creed
  10. ^ Haykel, Bernard (2003). "The Absolute Interpreter and Renewer of the Thirteenth Century AH". Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad Al-Shawkani. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780521528900. Shawkänī, as was mentioned already, was opposed to kaläm, which he regarded as a science that led to more confusion than clarity for the believer. He admits that he felt confused by it (lam azdad bihā illā þpiratan) and he found it to consist of idle talk (khuza"balār)... Shawkānī appears to fit more properly, though perhaps not entirely, in the Hanbalī tradition, which rejected outright many of the theological claims made by the various schools of kalām.
  11. ^ Beránek, Ťupek, Ondřej, Pavel (2018). The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry. The Tun -Holyrood Road, 12 (2f) Jackson's Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 7, 47, 73. ISBN 978-1-4744-1757-0. Muhammad al-Shawkani (d. 1839), a famous Yemeni traditionalist and reformer..." "The legacies of Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya were also palpable in Arabia in the eighteenth-century traditionalist movement. In Yemen, the most prominent figures in this movement were Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil al-Sanʿani (referred to as al-Amir al-Sanʿani, d. 1769) and Muhammad al Shawkani (d. 1839).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Ali, Mohamed Bin. "Salafis, salafism and modern salafism: what lies behind a term?." (2015).
  13. ^ Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 484, 506. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0. Shawkani .. is a prominent authority for the Salafi version of Islam
  14. ^ Haykel, Hegghammer, Lacroix, Bernard, Thomas, Stéphane (2015). Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9781107006294.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Orkaby, Asher (2021). Yemen: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 120, 160. ISBN 9780190932268.
  16. ^ Nafi, Basheer M. "Abu al-Thana'al-Alusi: An Alim, Ottoman Mufti, and Exegete of the Qur'an." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34.3 (2002): 465-494. "...al-Shawkani (1760–1834), were all, in varying degrees, interested in Ibn Taymiyya's intellectual legacy."
  17. ^ Oxford University Press (1 May 2010). Islam in Yemen: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780199804351.
  18. ^ Bowering, Gerhard, ed. (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 606. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0. a number of influential thinkers abandoned Zaydism for Sunnism. The best known of these are Muhammad b. Isma'il al-San'ani (d. 1769), Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Shawkani (d. 1834), and more recently Muqbil al-Wadi'i (d. 2001)
  19. ^ Moreau, Schaar, Odile, Stuart (2016). Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-1477319956.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Saint-Prot, Charles (1999). Happy Arabia : from antiquity to Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni unifier. USA: University of Michigan. p. 31. ISBN 9781107136335.
  21. ^ Ala Hamoudi, Cammack, Haider, Mark (2018). Islamic Law in Modern Courts. USA: Aspen Publishing. p. 576. ISBN 9781454830399.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Thurston, Alexander (2016). Salafism in Nigeria Islam, Preaching, and Politics. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-1-107-15743-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  23. ^ Azoulay, Rivki (2020). Kuwait and Al-Sabah: Tribal Politics and Power in an Oil State. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 224. ISBN 9781838605070.
  24. ^ Pall, Zoltan (2013). Lebanese Salafis between the Gulf and Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-8964-451-0.
  25. ^ Moussa, Mohammed (2016). "3: Renewal in the formation of the Islamic tradition". Politics of the Islamic Tradition: The thought of Muhammad al-Ghazali. New York, USA: Routledge. pp. 56–59. ISBN 978-1-138-84121-5.
  26. ^ Leaman, Oliver (2022). Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-367-49123-9.
  27. ^ Vassiliev, Alexei (1998). The History of Saudi Arabia. London, UK: Saqi Books. p. 146. ISBN 0-86356-399-6.
  28. ^ Carr, Mahalingam, Brian, Indira (1997). Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy. London, UK: Routledge. p. 931. ISBN 0-203-01350-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "WEBSITE.WS - Your Internet Address For Life™". umma.ws.

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