Al-Turrah

Al-Turrah
Al-Turrah
Coordinates: 32°38′N 35°59′E / 32.633°N 35.983°E / 32.633; 35.983
Country	Irbid Governorate  Jordan
Area
• Total	28 km2 (11 sq mi)
Elevation	478 m (1,568 ft)
Population
• Total	34,948
• Density	1,248/km2 (3,230/sq mi)
Time zone	+2
Area code	962-2
Geocode	250179

Al-Turrah is a Jordanian city located in the Irbid Governorate in the far north of the country near the international border with Syria.^[1] Al-Turrah is the largest community within the Hauran Plain Municipality and is therefore considered its main center.^[2] Its population in 2017 was 34,948,^[3] the seventh largest in Irbid Governorate.^{[Notes 1]} It has an area of about 28,000 dunums (28 square kilometers).^[4] Al-Turrah's territory extends to the east and north, bordering the Syrian border, while Al-Shajara and Ramtha's territory borders it to the west and south.^[4]

Since ancient times, Al-Turrah has been known for its cultivation of grain, which for many years was the only agricultural crop in the city and the entire Hauran Plain region.^[5][6] It was only in the last quarter of the last century that, with a few exceptions, the cultivation of trees such as olives and, to a lesser extent, figs, grapes, pomegranates and other crops became known. The valley that runs through it is known as Wadi al-Shumar because of the abundance of Shumar (Fennel) plants that grow there. The city is divided into the areas of Al-Kuklia, Al-Foul, Al-Halan, Al-Khalla, Barak, Barak, Al-Homs, Al- Tahuna, Muqatil Al-Dawla, Al-Manakh, Al-Manizla, and Al-Sultani, which was named after Sultan Al-Zahir Baybars, who donated it to Jerusalem, among other things.^[7][8] The history of Al-Turrah goes back to ancient times, where the Ten Cities Tunnel appeared in the early Roman era, and this canal stretched from Al-Turrah to Gadara through several areas.^[9] A group of Greek inscriptions and tombs have also been found in Turrah. During the Mamluk period and the early Ottoman period, the city was an important postal point, where the Mamluk built a lighthouse for postal purposes and to guide travelers. They also donated agricultural lands of Al-Turrah for charitable endowments and schools. The Mamluks built a lighthouse for postal purposes and to guide travelers, and they also endowed agricultural lands of Al-Turrah for charitable endowments and schools.

The city is surrounded by the cities of Al-Ramtha and Al-Shajarah, and is very close and adjacent to Amrawah and al-Mughayyir, as well as bordering Tell Shihab and Daraa from the Syrian side. The city is located on a plateau with an average altitude of 478 meters above sea level.^[10] It is also characterized by its climate, which is part of the Mediterranean basin climate, but can fall under the influence of rather high temperatures at some times of the year. Like other areas of the Hauran Plain, it is characterized by its flat land and the fertility of its soil. Like other parts of Jordan, Al-Turrah has a similar population in terms of customs, traditions, and origins; most of its inhabitants are of Arab tribal origin.

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